Music in the 20th Century

harmony in the twentieth blowThe twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate is described as the period from 1900-1999, however, in that respect is an horror with the dates allocated to this period of medical specialty (twentieth hundred medical specialty). Most people believe the dates to be 1900-1940. This is beca social occasion when people refer to 20th light speed medical specialty, they ar referring to 20th century immaculate practice of medicine (as oppose to jazz, rock, pop etc.).This period (1900-1940) is when the briny full treatment of the eon were composed. thither were m whatsoever countries involved in the development of this era. Countries much(prenominal) as Germany and Russia (influenced neoclassic school of thought) and France (influenced impressionism). early(a) argonas, much(prenominal) as Argentina, Brazil and Latin the States produced some important composers. Prominent composers in this era include Igor Stravinsky, Claude Debussy, George Gershwin, Bela Bartok and Arnold Schoenberg.Although music from the 20th century is vastly unlike from previous eras, the composers were still influenced by elements of the past. They enjoymentd a combination these elements and the other elements introduced in this era to get their own sound. There argon five basic categories to describe the musical elements of 20th century music. These are short letter, rhythm, harmony, texture and timbre/instrumentation. The melodies were wide-ranging, contained wide-leaps (much less vocal-centric), and were mad and unpredictable. There was much less emphasis put on the melody and this meant the rhythms became much important. This is different from the previous eras except for the fact that the Baroque and romanticist eras in like manner had hard-to-remember melodies. The rhythms in 20th century music became much obscure. There were frequent tempo switch overs and the music employ polyrhythms and other aro riding habit and different rhythmic t echniques. These polyrhythms fucking be seen in Charles Ives music. As mentioned before, there was more than(prenominal) emphasis on rhythm in this era compared to the previous eras. The rhythms were in any case sort of unpredictable. Other than that, these elements are quite exchangeable to the romantic era and quite different to the classical era (steady tempo etc.). There were a few young harmonic techniques introduced in this era. These include the fourth agree ( nones a fourth apart), the polychord (two chords played at the same beat) and tone clusters. With regards to key, there was an increase in atonal (no groundwork key) and polytonal (more than one home key) music and also the introduction of the 12-tone technique. There was an uncontrolled emphasis on dissension and inharmonic chords, similar to the romantic era, except dissonance in the 20th century was used way more frequently. This created a uninterrupted clashing sound/feel in the music that was al more o r less inaudible of in the classical and Baroque eras. The texture of this era was polyphonic and contrapuntal as opposed to homophonic. There was more of an emphasis on change magnitude tonal range and on percussion and wind instruments as opposed to string instruments as seen in the previous eras. Their role was changed to that of a more percussive one, as seen in Stravinskys Rite of Spring. Electronic instruments were also sometimes used.This era was a time of revolt and change. Like any other period it is a change as a reception to the previous moods of the previous eras. At first these dashs were not received puff up (causing riots at c erstwhilerts), alone eventually, people got used to the unconventional course of this era. It is quite different to the periods before it. The developments in this era include more electronic instruments being used and developments in organisational techniques that completely disregarded previous rules or systems (while sometimes using elements for the previous eras). This can be seen in the development of the harmonic techniques. It was basically a time where each composer could sample and create their own movement and sound (e.g use of whole-tone and pentatonic scales). This was because they did not have to follow existing rules set show up for them, like in the baroque and classical periods.Impressionism, as the name suggests, focuses on the impression of an idea that a slice of music evokes rather than having a clear description. This creates a soft, subtle, almost dream-like issuance. The music has a colourful texture and uses unusual scales such(prenominal) as the whole-tone scale. It was influenced by the impressionist movement in France, which was an artistic movement. many another(prenominal) of the composers were influenced by the nature of the paintings themselves. Some claim this movement was a reply to late romanticism. Composers deep down the genre preferred to use short genres and forms such as preludes, nocturnes and arabesques. A prominent composer in this style is French composer, Claude Debussy. You can clearly see elements of impressionism in his composition, Clair De Lune from Suite Bergamasque. The piece has an overall dream-like effect and Debussy experiments with non-functional harmony. Even though it opens and closes with the tonic chord of D flat major, the composition key throughout the piece is unclear. There is a presence of dissonance and the rhythms are relatively complex. As mentioned before there is a use of unconventional harmony.Expressionism is extremely emotionally driven. It acts as reaction to the composers subconscious mind mind. It was influenced/started by Van Goghs paintings. The music is not meant to be pretty or pleasing to the ear .This is why some say it is a reaction to this positive characteristic of Impressionism. The music is very expressive, similar to the romantic period, so there are contrasts in dynamics and tempo. The me lodies are also un rest periodd with wideleaps and complex rhythms. There is still a presence of dissonance and winder has also basically been terminated. Some genres within this style include orchestral pieces and dramas such as operas, melodramas and one- act dramas. This was likely a popular genre because dramas are sure to evoke the impregnable emotion the music suggests. A prominent composer in this genre is Austrian composer, Arnold Schoenberg. He influenced the development of atonality and 12-tone technique. Many elements of expressionism can be seen in his composition, Erwotung Op.17 (1909). This composition is a score for his one-act drama, Erwotung. The music of the orchestra perfectly reflects the strong emotions of the of import character (when she finds her unawares lover) and the depressing story line, which supposedly has elements of dirty realism. This composition has no overall musical, rhythmic, melodic and harmonic structure (it is through-composed). It is at onal, as most expressionist music is, and it is still quite expressive.Neoclassicism is more structural than impressionism and expressionism. It is more balanced and come forwards more emphasis on emotional restriction. This was influenced by the elements of the classical period and that is why it is called Neoclassicism. It was a reaction to the emotionally driven romanticism and expressionism periods. Germany and France were involved with the development of this style because of the composers it produced. Even though there was more structure, there were still elements of 20th music, such as complex/exciting rhythmic aspects. Similar to the classical period, genres within this style include symphonies, operas, domiciliate music, concerto grosso, fugue etc. A prominent composer within this style is Igor Stravinsky. He is a Russian composer who converted to this style after the 1920s. It is said that his opera, The run outs Progress, was the composition that concluded his Neoclass icism. This opera was set in the eighteenth century therefore it gave way for classical elements in the music to be displayed. It is a 3-act opera that is based on the legend of Faust. Stravinsky uses counterpoint in this opera which indicates a contrapuntal texture. As with most of Stravinskys works, the rhythms relatively energetic and there is a melodic and harmonic diversity.The 20th century was a time of change and experimentation and 20th century music reflects that. The many styles and techniques that have developed from this one era and the non-existent limits that were put into place for composers reflects safe how less structured the music was compared to the previous eras of music.(1314 words)REFERENCE pageAn Analysis of Clair De Lune from Suite Bergamasque.Thomas Stones Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2014. .All near Romantic Music and Its Features.All about Romantic Music and Its Features. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. .BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2014. . Compari son between Romantic, impressionistic and Early 20th Century Music.Inkling. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. Erwartung, Monodrama in 1 Act, Op. 17 Arnold Schoenberg Details, Parts / Movements and Recordings AllMusic.AllMusic. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2014. ..GMK notes grade 11 and 9(SA and FR)Igor Stravinsky.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 09 Mar. 2014. Web. 04 Sept. 2014. Impressionist Music.Princeton University. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2014. .Leeuw, Ton De, and Rokus De. Groot.Music of the 20th Century A Study of Its Elements and Structure. Amsterdam Amsterdam UP, 2005. Print.Music hearing 20th Century.Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. .The diametric isms of Music.About. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2014. The Rakes Progress. Simple English Wikipedia, the unload Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2014. .Three Musicians.Three Musicians. N.p., n.d. Web. 27Aug. 2014. .Music in the 20th CenturyMusic in the 20th CenturyThe 20th century music started around the time of 19 00 1960. The simplest way to describe the 20th century is the period of fundamental change. Different styles were popular in different areas. This type of music was very viridity in European countries, places like Germany and France were very involved in the domain of the era as well as composers in America. This era was a different era to any that had gone before, all music characteristics that were once part of the romantic era were completely contrasted to create the 20th century music which is emotionless yet evokes emotion. There were many famous composers during the 20th century such as Claude Debussy (1862 1918), a French composer and Maurice Ravel (1875 1937) they were know as the two great impressionist. As well as them was Igor Stravinsky (1882 1971) he composed neoclassic pieces. George Gershwin (1898 1937) an American composer incorporated jazz blues into his pieces. These are just a few composers who tried to compose music which was out of the ordinary.During t he transformation from Romantic era to 20th Century a circulate of things changes. Suddenly some elements were more important than others. Where in Romantic era tonality was not as important it became more important in the 20th Century. Form was once important, especially in baroque, but in the 20th century it became less important. Rhythms however became an important part of 20th century music they were very different to the rhythms of the previous periods. Harmonies became more complex and novel. The texture was predominantly the same but in some 20th century styles the texture would change often. George Gershwin, an American composer, was one of the composers that used new scales and harmonies in his pieces. He implemented jazz blues into his piece Rhapsody in Blue.The characteristics of the 20th Century music was new to everyone that lived in that time. beef up colour changed from having to blend to not blending at all and the use of percussion instruments increased. Melodies and harmonies too were no longer as they were. Chords were being used differently melodies were becoming unpredictable. There was less emphasis on the specialisation between consonant and unharmonious harmonies. Composers started using the twelve-tone system a pot more often as well. In pieces such as Assez alter by Maurice Ravel, you can clearly hear the change between the dissonant and consonant parts of the piece as well as the unending change in dynamic and the use of chromatic notes.Impressionistic music was mainly composed in the European area. The aim of this music was not to express emotion or to tell a story but rather to create atmosphere and allow listeners to create their own interpretations. This music style included many dissonant chords and an extensive use of whole-tone scales. Other characteristics such as differences in dynamics, continuous change in texture and frequent modulation was also used in this style. Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel are the most we ll-known impressionist composers in the 20th century. A well-known composition composed by Ravel was The Pavane of the Dead Princess. The piece gained much interest through the image the human activity portrayed, it was suggestive who is the dead princess? the title is even more impressionistic as the piece is not about a dance for a dead princess but rather a young princess dancing to a pavane. Ravels prospect on the piece changed as he felt it was not victor enough, that the ABACA form was too weak.Expressionisms is a style that originated in Germany. Its main feature was to create emotional within the listener. Expressionists attempted to create emotion through creating music that was different to what had been composed in previously. The lack of tonality and sharp melodies definitely created emotions within the listeners as it was completely different to anything that had been pen in the romantic era. A well-known composer of this style is Arnold Schoenberg, creator of the t welve-tone system. Pierrot Lunaire, is a common composition of Schoenbergs. You can tell that it is an expressionism piece through the use of twelve-tone notes, irregular rhythms and constant time signature changes.Neoclassicism is a music style that was predominant during the two world wars. It is a style in which the music contains characteristics and elements from musical styles of previous eras, most commonly classical. Some of these elements include balance form and lack of emotion. Although the music has imitations of the classical and baroque era, it still includes the new harmonisations and progressions found in the 20th century music. Neoclassicism was seen as a style going against the styles of the romantic period, it was not considered to be a protest or movement but rather it became popular for musicians to compose in this style. unmatched of the most common composers of neoclassicism was Igor Stravinsky. He composed one of the first neoclassical pieces was The Rite of Spring. The public at the time rioted about the new style as it was completely different to everything they had heard before, the lack of harmonisation and dissonant sounds was displeasing and in that way evoked emotion although negative at that.The 20th Century period was by far the most robust era. Everything that occurred in the 20th century changed to idea of music completely. What once was just strict harmonies and beautiful melodies could now be atonal and have no real structure. Even the sound of an audience could be considered music. This drastic change in music ideology has and will affect the way music is produced in todays time. References Unknown (ppt) 20th Century ismDr Melanie Foster, 2009 Analysis of The Rite of Springhttp//igorsrite.blogspot.com/2009/06/analysis-of-rite-of-spring.htmlThree Musicians. 2014. Three Musicians. ONLINE obtainable at http//www.tarleton.edu/Faculty/boucher/Fundamentals20thCentury.htm.Music History and Analysis. Atlantic International Unive rsity bachelor, master, doctoral degree. 2014. Music History and Analysis. Atlantic International University bachelor, master, doctoral degree. ONLINE Available at http//www.aiu.edu/publications/ disciple/english/131-179/Music-History-and-Analysis.htmlNeoclassicism (music) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014. Neoclassicism (music) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ONLINE Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoclassical_Musicoldid=134035187BBC GCSE Bitesize Expressionism. 2014. BBC GCSE Bitesize Expressionism. ONLINE Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/music_20th_century/schoenberg1Impressionism. 2014. Impressionism. ONLINE Available at http//www.academic.muohio.edu/mus189/impressionism/Maurice Ravel The high-toned Impressionist. 2014. Maurice Ravel The Elegant Impressionist. ONLINE Available at http//www.favorite-classical-composers.com/maurice-ravel.html.Program Notes Title. 2014. Program Notes Title. ONLINE Available at http//www .barbwired.com/barbweb/programs/ravel_pavane.html.