Intertextuality in Contemporary Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intertextuality in Contemporary Writing - Essay Example However, it must first be questioned whether or not sharing a general plot makes stories similar, or if it is the unique creation of that story which is valued above all others. The concept of intertextuality is not new. Intertextuality is defined as "Intertextuality is the shaping of texts' meanings by other texts. It can refer to an author's borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader's referencing of one text in reading another" (Wikipedia). Another, more clear and accepted definition describes intertextuality as Texts, whether they be literary or non-literary are viewed by modern theorists as lacking in any kind of independent meaning. They are what theorists now call intertextual. The act of reading, theorists claim, plunges us into a network of textual relations. To interpret a text, to discover its meaning or meanings is to trace those relations. Reading thus becomes a process of moving between texts. Meaning becomes something that exists between a text and all other texts to which it refers to and relates, moving out from the independent text into a network of textual relations. (Hansen, Intertextuality) Even the word draws from other sources, having been changed and developed to its' current meaning. Yet intertextuality is more than just the influences that other writers and texts have upon the text in question. It affects the subject of the piece, the style of the writing, even the word choice made. It is semiotics to every detail, and intertextuality suggests that there is actually nothing new in a new text, that all ideas have been borrowed or influenced by other writers and texts. To suggest that all writing is a form of plagiarism is an interesting concept, and yet holds quite a bit of validity. Even now, in this essay, the ideas have been written before. The form has been written before. Other authors have expounded on the concept of intersexuality. If all essays were compared, chances are there would be little that was not found in at least two essays. If not even an essay can be unique, then how can a novel, or a play Yet, at the same time, how can they not be unique An excellent example of this is Carpentier's essay, "Like the Night." Clearly, the concept of looking at how a soldier feels about war is not unique in and of itself. Look at contemporary classics, such as The Things They Carried. Like "Like the Night" the story focuses on the tales of men at war, and their thoughts and feelings about what is happening around them. Yet, while they each share unique thoughts and ideas, would they not both be strengthened by reading both texts They are a part of the intertextual network that Hansen described. Another piece that deserves notice is Barth's "Dunyazadiad." This piece clearly draws on other works and ideas, as it is not a story meant to stand alone, but rather a remake of an already written story. His story not only connects to other stories on an idea basis but also embellishes and changes a story that already had meaning and idea. There are deeper concepts in this story then, since it adds yet another layer to the original story, bringing the meanings written by that author, and by Barth. Clearly, this piece cannot stand by itself, since it would lose so much. So, the answer to the question â€Å"The concept of intertextuality reminds us that each text exists in relation to others.     Ã‚  

Why Did Henry Viii Closed Dow the Monasteris Essay Example for Free

Why Did Henry Viii Closed Dow the Monasteris Essay In the 1500’s the king of England was Henry VIII. He had already broken up with the Catholic Church and the Pop. He had made himself head of the Church of England. Also he had divorced with Catherine of Aragon and marred Anna Boleyn. His lifestyle was extravagant and he was also worried that he could be attacked by the Catholic countries of Europe. Under these circumstances he decided to close down the monasteries for the following reasons: * He was greedy and needed more money for his extravagant lifestyle. * He needed lots of money to be prepared in case of a war with enemies * He needed to make sure the nobles of England supported him. * The monasteries had a lot of treasures and valuable parts and land * Monks and nuns lived a sinful life. Hennery VIII did not want to be unpopular to his people, for closing the monasteries, so he needed to justify his actions. For this reason he ordered his minister Thomas Cromwell to send inspectors to report how holy was the life of monks / nuns and how wealthy the monasteries were. The reports said that the monks and nuns were living a sinful life. Using the reports he managed to justify closing down the monasteries. He seized the wealth and the land of the monasteries for his needs (extravagant lifestyle, in case of war). To keep the nobles loyal to him, he gave them money and land. Finally this helped him to break one more link of the Pope with his people. Henry the VIII by closing the monasteries managed to solve his problems and to keep as many people as he could.

The Titanic Essay -- essays research papers

The Titanic - History of a Disaster On April 14,1912 a great ship called the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. That night there were many warnings of icebergs from other ships. There seems to be a conflict on whether or not the warnings reached the bridge. We may never know the answer to this question. The greatest tragedy of all may be that there were not enough lifeboats for everyone on board. According to Walter Lord, author of The Night Lives On, the Titanic could have been saved in the very beginning of the crisis when the iceberg was first reported to the bridge. If First Officer Murdoch had steamed right at the iceberg instead of trying to avoid it, he might have saved the ship. The author feels there would have been a loud crash and anyone within the first one hundred feet would have been killed, but the ship would have remained afloat (82). This view was entirely speculation and we will never really know if this would have happened. In contrast, Geoffrey Marcus, author of The Maiden Voyage, suggests that the bridge did not receive warning of the ice from the very beginning. One of the messages received was from the Masaba warning the Titanic of a mass of ice lying straight ahead. According to Marcus, the message never reached the bridge, but instead was shoved under a paperweight (126). At 10:30 p.m. that evening, a ship going the opposite direction of the Titanic was sighted. This ship, the Rappahannock, had emerged from an ice field and had sustained damage to its rudder. The vessel signaled the Titanic about the ice and the Titanic replied that the message was received (Marcus 127). At 11 p.m. another ice report was received. This one was from the Californian. This liner had passed through the same ice field that the Rappahannock had reported to the Titanic. Like all the other warnings, this warning never reached the bridge though it was known to both of the Titanic's wireless operators (Marcus 128). By the time the bridge realized the ship was about to hit an iceberg, it was too late. Quartermaster Hitchens tried to turn the wheel hard to the starboard. Twenty seconds later, he had an order for full speed astern but the iceberg was too close. The starboard side hit the iceberg, bringing a block of ice onto the deck (Pellegrino 21). After the collision occurred, there was only one thing open for Captain Smith to do. It was almost mi dnight a... ...ion, thereby opening up the ship to the sea. Another major discovery was that the stern of the Titanic had wrenched itself away from the rest of the ship in its descent to the bottom. (Ward 186) The last survivor of the Titanic recently died in her home in Massachusetts. With her death, many of the unanswered questions of the Titanic may have also died. Hopefully, a tragedy like this will never have to happen again. As stated before, ships are now expected to have enough lifeboats for everyone on board. Ships also route their lanes farther to the south during iceberg season. Hopefully, in some small, way this will make a difference if such an accident at sea should ever occur again. --- Work Cited Eaton, John P., and Charles A. Haas. Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1986. PP 152-184. Pellegrino, Charles. Her Name Titanic. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988. PP 20-21. Marcus, Geoffrey. The Maiden Voyage. New York: The Viking Press, 1969. PP 35-128. Lord, Walter. A Night To Remember. Mattituck: American House, 1955. PP 152-170. Ward, Kaari, ed. Great Disasters. Pleasantville: The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., 1989. PP 180-87.

Machiavellianism :: essays research papers

After months of routinely being metal detected and blindly handing over my bags to be searched, I finally stopped to think about it the other day. I realized that all the â€Å"security† cameras, metal detectors and guards were merely used to gain power over the people by oppressing them and forcing their submission; not to protect us. We are all blind to this. We think it’s for our own good, but it’s all part of a Machiavellianist Plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Niccolo Machiavelli lived in Italy in the early 1500’s. He thought that if one person, namely Lorenzo de’ Medici, could be the absolute ruler of all Italy, then order could be restored. In an effort to gain favor with the powerful Medice family, he wrote The Prince as an early blueprint of a New World Order justifying the use of any means, no matter how sinister, to gain and keep power. Machiavellianism envisages: the seizure, maintenance, and extension of absolute power by the nicely graduated use of fraud, force and terror; control by the ruler of all avenues of communication, thus facilitating the deliberate molding of public opinion; and the employment of surveillance and terrorist activities of subordinates who can be disowned and liquidated by the ruler, who thus escapes the blame for their atrocities. (In other words, the big political figureheads get their lackeys to do their dirty work and then use them as scapegoats.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Basically, what Machiavelli was trying to say was that if a prince conquered a city, the people would hate him, but if the prince secretly hired terrorists to create an insurrection, then marched into the city to put down the insurrection, the people would praise him. (He would hire his men to act like they were rebelling, and then the leader would act like he was stopping the rebellion and protecting the citizens, thus earning the community’s trust.) Either way, he would increase his domain, but it would be better for his popularity if the citizens loved him rather than hated him for doing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I see the same things happening today with gun control, censorship and all the other so-called security the government has imposed upon us. These are not isolated incidents. This censorship has occurred throughout history, whether it was censorship of religion, freedom, books or individuality and self expression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first and most obvious is the case of Jesus and how he was oppressed and persecuted because he expressed his beliefs which didn’t agree with the political leaders of the day. These leaders did not want to be disputed or made to look bad, so if someone got in their way, they killed that

Mktg 205 Unit 4 Ip Principles of Marketing

Carrie Cunnien American Intercontinental University Unit 4 Individual Project MKTG 205 – Principles of Marketing Abstract This is a single paragraph, no indentation is required. The next page will be an abstract; â€Å"a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows the readers to survey the contents of an article quickly† (Publication Manual, 2010). The length of this abstract should be 35-50 words (2-3 sentences). NOTE: the abstract must be on page 2 and the body of the paper will begin on page 3. Introduction Remember to always indent the first line of a paragraph (use the tab key).The introduction should be short (2-3 sentences). The margins, font size, spacing, and font type (italics or plain) are set in APA format. While you may change the names of the headings and subheadings, do not change the font or style of font. Definition of Marketing This content comes from the Unit 1 Discussion Board. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. What is the definition of marketing?My definition is basically, what customers want, when they want it, where they want it, and at a price they are can afford to pay. Well I soon found out that everyone has their own take on the definition of marketing. These three I felt were the best because they made the definitions easy enough for me to grasp what exactly marketing means. The first source I used was from our text book Marketing tenth edition by Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011), their definition of marketing is it focuses on assessing and satisfying the needs of consumers. The second source was from Marketing. 2005), In International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management, they claim marketing is the distribution of ideas, goods, and services. The last source I used was marketing. (2003), In The Macmillan Encyclopedia, their definition is a market of goods and services which is part of the marketing mix. This consists of four parameters packaging, product, pricing and place. They also feel that a company needs to keep up on the times and change their products to the consumer’s needs. This is the ultimate goal of all marketers and their companies. Introduction of Product/ServiceThis content comes from the Unit 1 Discussion Board. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. The company that I chose to do my research on is Chocolate Bar: Food and Agriculture: Candy Manufacturing: Hersey’s Candy Company. I chose this company for many reasons because they are able to promote a product that can satisfy just about every person out there in the world. They have candy for every type of person imaginable.They have a variety of products for the chocoholics, health fanatics , and baking fanatics. These are all people that they promote their products to. Based on your definition, analyze whether the company should be considered good marketers or not. I would say that this company is definitely earned its reputation as a good marketer. They always find new ways to keep their loyal customers to keep coming back for more and more. Also the company has been around since 1894 and has been growing steady ever since. I think this speaks volumes of how well they promote their products.They listen to customer needs and wants and develop new ideas constantly. Which I believe are all elements of a great marketer. They also have their products world-wide which consists of 90 different countries. With Milton Hersey the founder of the Hersey Company is known for his humanitarian services like the school for orphans, creating a community and housing for all its 12,000 plus employees and executives according to, Milton S. Hershey: The Man and His Legacy/ The Hershey Co mpany. Situation Analysis — Marketing Environment Forces Impacting Product/Service This content comes from the Unit 1 Individual Project.Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 1 grading, those should be made with this submission. Market Force 1: Description and Analysis of impact on product/service The technological environment changes rapidly, and provides a strong tool for, marketers, consumers, and manufacturers. This age of information makes it possible for almost anyone to receive, or send information quickly according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).This information is not limited to text, and it may include pictures, graphics, purchase options, and the ability to provide custom selections for a host of products. For the savvy marketers at the Hershey Company this opens the door to a wide variety of consumers. Market Force 2: Description and Analysis of impact on product/ service The economic environment plays a large role in marketing according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). The economic environment force is the income, expenditures and resources that affect the cost of running a business and household, according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).The impact this has on the Hersey Company is keeping prices affordable and production costs down. Market Force 3: Description and Analysis of impact on product/service In addition the social environment is the demographic characteristics of the population and its values, according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Also changes in this force can have a dramatic impact on marketing strategies, for example: the obesity epidemic in America has caused consumers to convert to healthy eating habits. This conversion has resulted in a reduction of confections consumed by some families.With the consumers eye on how corporations operate Hershey’s marketers must be ever vigilant to ensure the compa ny’s reputation remains positive. If a corporation is seen as having less than acceptable business practices consumers may decide to spend their money elsewhere Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Strategies to Overcome the Threats Some of the technologies strategies that the Hershey’s Company needs to overcome are a rapid exchange of information which allows consumers the opportunity to quickly spread news of any unsatisfactory experience or transaction they may have endured with the Hershey Company.Further once a negative incident is noted it has the ability to snowball as it is passed forward from one consumer to another. The economic strategies The Hershey’s Company needs to overcome are given the state of the current economy; consumers are less likely to purchase luxury goods. While chocolate bars are an inexpensive item consumers give consideration to their choices. With the wide variety of chocolate bars available commercial exposure to consumers must be c onsistent and of high quality (Mitchell, 2008).The social strategies that the Hershey’s Company needs to overcome is; having a responsibility to educate consumers on how confectionery can be a part of a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Strategies to Capitalize on the Opportunities The technology strategy that Hershey’s Company capitalized on was commercials and television ads that are high in quality and that have catchy tunes and providing technical support and expertise to organizations such as the World Cocoa Foundation and the United States Food and Drug Administration, according to the Hershey’s Company website, (2009).On the social side the Hershey Companies strategies to capitalize on certain opportunities where, given the concerns of families of the health aspect of the Hershey’s candy they capitalized on this by responding to these concerns with sugar-free versions of some of our most popular products as well as snack-size and individually wrapped miniature items (most under 100 calories per piece) to enable portion control that meets the dietary needs of consumers, according to the Hershey’s Company website, (2009). In addition, we are involved in several efforts to promote healthy eating habits, weight control and exercise.They not only see to it that the community gets educated but also gives back to the community where they live and work by doing this they gain their support which enables them to succeed. On the social force, Hershey has responded to these concerns with sugar-free versions of some of our most popular products as well as snack-size and individually wrapped miniature items (most under 100 calories per piece) to enable portion control that meets the dietary needs of consumers according to the Hershey’s Company website, (2009).In addition, we are involved in several efforts to promote healthy eating habits, weight control and exercise. Marketing Strategy: Target Market(s) & Positioning T his content comes from the Unit 2 Discussion Board and Individual Project. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 2 grading, those should be made with this submission. There are five stages a buyer passes through when they make choices about which products and services to buy. They are the first stage which is problem recognition, which means perceiving a need.The second stage called the information search is when you seek out the value of a purchase. The third stage is called the alternative evaluation and this is when a consumer assesses the value of a product. The fourth stage is when a consumer decides to make the final purchase decision and what the buying value would be. The last stage called the postpurchase behavior is when a consumer decides what the value in the consumption or use of a product would be if they indulged in the product and made the purchase, according to Kerin, Har tley & Rudelius. 2011). These are all stage in which a consumer finds themselves in when they decide to make that purchase. It is these actions that they will take in purchasing and using products and services. Out of the four factors influencing buyer behavior cultural, social, personal and psychological I decided that for the Hershey’s candy it would be personal and social. The reason I say this is because chocolate is a personal preference. It is what a person sees in the product that gets their attention and makes them want to buy that item.The social aspect of the Hershey’s candy bar is also this behavior because income level and consumption habits are major parts to the social class. Not to mention the price is cheap enough for them to indulge in a chocolate candy bar. In today’s market there is a need for healthier products in which Hershey’s has come through on. They have quit a few healthy products that better their chances of the consumer buying not only for themselves but also the family as well. For Hershey’s they use all different ads to appeal to all types of generations. For instance at Christmas they will run ads that target parents and children.The parents because they are the ones that will purchase the items and the children are the ones that will say what they like the best and that will be based on what ad they feel caught their mind and make them want to have that instead of a different item. Also Halloween, Easter, Valentines and the summer time, (such as parades) are all hot times for marketers to really step up to the plate and out beat the competitors for the consumers to want to buy their products because the volume in candy sales at this time are extremely high. According to Almond, S. (2009) he eels that with the economy in a slump this is when consumers will buy more chocolate than any other time because apparently there is nothing more soothing to a financially insecure than a candy bar because it is cheap and a quick fix when a person is hungry. Statics have found that in recent eras of depression the economic turmoil the consumers crave is the luxury of cheap sweets. Marketers and company officials understand that it is not always possible to charm everyone all the time in the same way. Further different groups or market segments require different relationships.This is to say that while some shoppers will be delighted with coupons or contest type promotions others would prefer free shipping or discounts for bulk purchases. In an effort to please both groups different approaches are used to present products, in ways and places that appeal to each group. With this in mind marketers zero in on customers in particular groups with the intention of presenting products and service in a way that best suits the particular group. This practice is known as market segmentation according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011).Additionally few companies have the capacity or desire to pr ovide truly exceptional products and service to everyone on every occasion. The process of segmentation enables marketers and companies to pinpoint consumer’s needs or desires. Segmentation does not necessarily eliminate some consumers; rather it enables the marketer to reach them in a different way according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Segmentation bases that may be profitable for Hershey’s chocolate bars are geographic, demographic, and psychographic. Geographic factors will be most relevant in the international markets and the business markets.In general Geographic’s are not relevant to the sales of Hershey’s chocolate bars. Except of course in the cities where the Hershey Company operates manufacturing plants. Demographics will have relevance based on who is doing the shopping, and how tight the budget is. Psychographics may prove the most profitable choice for market segmentation in the case of Hershey’s chocolate bars, according to the Hershey’s Company’s website. Also some lifestyles and personalities have an aversion to consuming chocolate the marketer’s efforts are better used elsewhere.Additionally because some lifestyles and personality’s include pleasure in the simple things segmentation by psychographics can separate these two groups according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Consumer buying behavior begins with how a product is marketed. Marketing includes the product itself, the price of the product, the products availability, and how and where the product is offered according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). If a consumer feels that a product is too expensive or difficult to find many consumers will turn elsewhere for comparative products.Additionally if a consumer is not excited by the appearance of the product, or pleased with the way it is presented these consumers are likely to look for alternatives. Other factors that affect buying behavior are the social an d cultural environment that consumers live and work in, along with the consumers personal and psychological feelings. Each potential costumer is an individual, however buyers are members of groups and these groups affect buying decisions, sometimes subtly sometimes not. Further each individual is likely a member of several groups.Groups include family, friends, neighborhoods, religious affiliations, and others including nationalities according to Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, (2011). Furthermore how the market appeals to these groups is paramount in some buying decisions. If a group places importance on a specific product the group members are apt to purchase that product or something similar at some point. The final purchase comes about due to a number of reasons. First the repeated exposure to it enforces a need for it, and then it becomes clear that the product is superior because everyone likes it and keeps using it.Finally the consumer decides they are able to afford it based on t he fact that other members in the group were able to buy it. Furthermore there are consumers who will buy the Hershey bar regardless of the price just because they are loyal consumers of Hershey products. Then there are consumers who will buy the chocolate bar that costs less or the chocolate bar that first catches their attention. The wise marketer understands that no one factor effects buying decisions all the time, but several factors work together within the consumer to create final buying decisions.Business to business marketing. Geographically speaking the Hershey Company will target their marketing strategy to business owners who operate or supply concessions or vending machines, along with grocery stores, and various retailers who sell snack foods. Local Business owners. These business owners will likely purchase the products in large quantities and with some regularity. Foreign Markets. In foreign markets this approach eliminates the need to reach individual consumers and a llows the local retailers to market the Hershey bar in ways they know will reach their customers.Demographics. When thinking in terms of demographics the target market for Hershey’s Chocolate bars might be parents who are of average income, and have one or more children. Age. 25 – 45. This target market will be profitable if the marketer remembers to market to the parent while embracing the family as a unit. Gender. Males and females are likely to be the main shoppers in many households these shoppers are the target market in this segment. Income. $25,000+ per year.Hershey’s chocolate bars are a convenience item and something of a luxury, persons with incomes lower than $25,000 per year are not likely to be regular consumers of luxury food products. Psychographics. Psychographic market segmentation will provide a target market of fun loving, happy people who embody a sense of enjoying every moment of life. Subscribe to Family Circle Magazine and the Disney Chann el This market segment has the potential to produce a growing population of loyal Hershey’s customers. Frequent amusement parks, county fairs, and children’s sports activities.This group will purchase Hershey’s chocolate for the pure joy of it, and will most likely introduce Hershey’s chocolate to their friends and family. According to the Nestle New Strategy, (2006), reports on the corporate strategy being employed by Nestle Corp. The company is planning to reorganize so that its wide product range can adapt to dynamic emerging markets. The company is aware on the need to calibrate their business strategy despite 20. 7% rise in net profits in 2005. Nestle is repositioning its products towards nutrition, health and wellness.The company also plans to build a new facility in Brazil to manufacture goods for low-income populations. The Mars Corporation positioning in the market consists of being the first confectionery company in the US to voluntarily impleme nt Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) nutrition labeling on all of its chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery and other food products. All packages will be redesigned to feature new graphics on the front and back of packages, which contain consumer-friendly, clear and easy to understand nutrition information that will help consumers make informed choices at the point of purchase.This announcement is part of a global initiative Mars is undertaking around the world. â€Å"Our redesigned labels are the latest examples of Mars' commitment to health and nutrition. By providing clear, concise and understandable information to consumers about what's inside all of our products, we will help them to make informed decisions about the foods they eat,† according to Bob Gamgort, president of Mars North America, (2008) â€Å"We make every effort to go beyond what is expected of a global food company. The product that the Hershey Company has competitive advantage over Mars and Nestle is the fact that they target the older generation with smaller bit size candies. The reasoning for this is because they are targeted them with the knowledge that smaller is healthier and less calories because the pieces are bit size. Not to mention an adult will consume less because they are more conscious of what they are putting in their mouths than say children and younger adults will. Another advantage that the Hershey’s Company has over other competitors is it is now targeting consumers that want a snack that is a 100 Calorie Bar and healthy.Hershey’s has come out with exactly those kinds of items such as York Peppermint, Wafer Bars, Reese's Peanut Butter Wafer Bars, Hershey's Pretzel Bars, Hershey's Special Dark Chocolate Bars, Hershey's Crisp Wafer Bars, Hershey's Whipped Vanilla Bars, which is more than any of the competitors have out in this category, according to the Hershey’s Company website. The Hershey Company will build their value proposition on product and image. The Hershey Company uses a value proposition of â€Å"more for the same† as stated by Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011).To family’s who want time together and a taste of the good life Hershey’s Chocolate will evoke the sweetest memories and help create new ones. Product/Service Overview and Strategies to Consider This content comes from the Unit 3 Discussion Board. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 3 grading, those should be made with this submission. The Hershey’s Chocolate bar is classified as a convenience product. Products classified as convenience products are generally inexpensive and easy to find.In order to market convenience products successfully marketers must ensure that prices remain low or equivalent to competitor’s prices. Additionally the products must be of consistent quality and packaged attractively. This author preferred the older type packaging with the chocolate wrapped in foil and slipped in to a paper sleeve. However it is clear there is a need for secure wrapping with one fully sealed package. This new packaging seems difficult to open without damaging the perfect shape of the chocolate bar but it cannot be tampered with as easily as it could have been with the previous wrapping.This is evidence that the Hershey Company is paying attention to what consumers need even when convenience must be secondary in order to ensure product safety. When marketing the Hershey’s chocolate bar some important factors in addition to packaging are; how to promote the Hershey brand, labels that identify Hershey products, where Hershey products will be sold, and how Hershey’s products will be displayed in retail locations. For example with convenience foods the items at eye level or within easy reach are more likely to be purchased than the same type of item on a high shelf or a low shelf.This simple pla cement can make a large difference in total sales over a period of time. The marketing strategies in use with the Hershey chocolate bar are to offer more for the same. This can be accomplished with a combination of great tasting chocolate at a reasonable price, prominent placement on store shelves, and providing clear indications that our products are Hershey’s products. Everyone knows that a Hershey bar is a Hershey’s product but how many people know who produces snickers or M;M’s? Pricing Strategy This content comes from the Unit 4 Discussion Board.Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list. If your instructor suggested updates in the week 4 grading, those should be made with the Unit 5 Individual Project submission. When pricing Hershey’s chocolate bar’s marketers must consider several factors. Consumer’s expectations of the chocolate can directly affect the price. For example; Hershey’s pro mises a bit of happiness with each bite. On the other hand Godiva chocolates appear to be a cut above the average chocolate bar, and because of this expectation for something special Godiva chocolates sell at higher price. Another factor to consider is the actual cost to produce the chocolate bar. The price should cover the cost of production, overhead, and distribution and still allow for a viable profit margin. Also important when determining a price is the competition. It is important to know what comparable products such as nestles crunch or M;M’s are selling for. This knowledge allows Hershey to offer their candy at the highest price the target market will pay, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011).The pricing method I would use for the Hershey’s chocolate bar is cost based pricing with a target profit scale. While this method does not take into account consumer demand or value assessments, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011). In the case of ch ocolate bars it seems the best choice. In general people who want a chocolate bar expect only fresh candy that tastes great, no more and no less. Therefore the products value is in the taste and freshness, and this can be delivered by following a fixed schedule, which works well with a target profit approach.Further Product Mixed Pricing with an emphasis on Product Line Pricing will allow the candy maker to offer a variety of products in an array of sizes, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011). For example the Hershey bar comes in at least three sizes and is available with or without nuts. This variety can meet the needs of those who wish to share and those who do not while allowing for price differences to offset packaging and handling requirements. Distribution Channels This content comes from the Unit 3 Individual Project. Be sure to include the required citations and add the sources to the reference list.If your instructor suggested updates in the week 3 grading, those should be made with this submission. Overview of Distribution Channels Direct distribution is a model used by organizations to move products from production to buyer without the use of wholesalers and retailers, according to BusinessDictionary. com. By eliminating the number of parties involved in the distribution process, significant savings can be realized. An organization using direct distribution must sell and distribute that product using their warehouses and sales staff.Indirect distribution is a chain of intermediaries through which a product moves in order to be made available for purchase by a consumer, according to BusinessDictionary. com. An indirect channel of distribution typically involves a product passing through additional steps as it moves from the manufacturing business via distributors to wholesalers and then retail stores according to Business Directory. com. Overview of Channel Organizations A conventional distribution channel is loosely organized and each chan nel considers itself separate from the others.This type of distribution channel is not strong and it is unlikely to produce the best value for the consumer, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011). A vertical marketing system or VMS is a much stronger distribution system. A VMS includes at least one product manufacturer (or service provider), and a retail or wholesale outlet. The VMS generally has a leader and the separate channels work together with each channel supporting the other and forming a unit, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011). A horizontal marketing system occurs when two or more companies of equal strength ban together to create a new concept.This new unit may be experimental or long term and may include competitors or other members of a chain of distribution. By joining together these companies are able to provide goods or services in a better way for both the consumer and the companies, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011). Multichannel ma rketing systems are becoming more common, and seem to be the best way to market many products or services. Multichannel marketing systems include more than one chain of distribution, and provide many different ways for consumers to acquire the product or service, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011).Analyze Target Market’s Needs in Distribution Channels The analyses of the target market’s needs for the Hershey Company in the distribution channels would be in nontraditional classes of trade, such as drug stores, convenience stores, wholesale clubs and dollar stores, as well as in channels such as vending, food service and concessions. The target market channels would also be found in retailers, such as convenience stores, Wal-Marts, Targets, and grocery stores according to West, David, (2008).The target market in regards to the customers would be the chocolate lovers such as teens, children, females, and males, with the female population the highest. New targe t marketers would be the individuals looking for a low calorie snack with the chocolate taste they crave. Determine Channel Members with Explanation The channel members I would use for the Hershey’s Company marketing system would be wholesaler and a retailer. Adding three wholesalers is the most common for low-cost, low unit value items that are frequently purchased by consumers, such as candy, confectionary items, and magazines.Hershey’s sells its line of chocolate candy to wholesalers in case quantities, who then break down (sort) the cases so that individual retailers can order in boxes or much smaller quantities, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011). The intensive distribution would be the most beneficial channel for the Hershey’s Company because it is the most used one for products that need to go out to as many outlets as possible. The objective is to place its products â€Å"within an arm’s reach of desire. † Discuss How Many Chann el Members with ExplanationThere are three target market coverage channels that a company can choose to go through for the best target market coverage. The three target markets consist of Intensive Distribution which means a company tries to place its products in as many stores as it possibly can like candy, fast food, newspapers and soft drinks. The second coverage of the target market coverage is called exclusive distribution which is just the opposite of intensive distribution because instead of several outlets this one only goes through one retailer in a geographical area to carry a company’s product.This type is usually reserved for specialty products like women’s fragrances, men and women’s apparel and accessories. The last coverage of the target market coverage is called selective distribution. This coverage is for firms who want to only have a select few retailers to carry its products in a geographical area, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011 ). An example of this coverage would be computer companies like Dell who sells a limited range of its products to companies like Wal-Mart, Best Buy and Staples.The best coverage that was chosen for The Hershey’s Company would be the first coverage which was the Intensive distribution because Hershey’s want their products to be everywhere as to compete with the other candy companies. They want their consumers to have it available at arm reach. Every corner, every store, and every outlet they can sell their product. Another requirement to consider in a channel choice is gaining access to channels and intermediaries that satisfy at least some of the interest that buyers might want fulfilled when they purchase a company’s product.There are four broad categories which consist of information, convenience, variety, and pre- or postsale service. Out of these four I would recommend the convenience when satisfying buyer requirements because this has multiple meanings for buyers. Such as the driving time to a store which is open 24 hours a day 7 days a week to fulfill their cravings not to mention the company’s benefit by gaining display space. Channel Organization So after everything that we have learned about with channel organizations the best channel organization that I would recommend would be the vertical marketing system or VMS.The reason I chose this channel organization for the Hershey’s Company is because it is a much stronger distribution system. It includes at least one product manufacturer (or service provider), and a retail or wholesale outlet. The VMS generally has a leader and the separate channels which work together with each channel supporting the other and forming a unit, according to Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius, (2011). Integrated Marketing Communications Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph.Using direct quotes does not show yo ur mastery of the subject. Marketers need to remain aware of all communication that is related to their product. Each piece of publicity or media exposure should combine with the others to enhance the overall product message. The integrated marketing communications or IMC sets the tone for how the product is perceived and received by the consumer. It is imperative that the message is consistent and in line with the products promised value (Armstrong ; Kotler, 2009). Promotion Mix StrategyIntroduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. This author would suggest that the Hershey Company use both a push strategy and a pull strategy with each to be used according to the market segment best serviced by the specific strategy. This is to say that when selling to business and vendors a â€Å"pull† strategy would be most effective. This would allow the sales force to build and maintain positive relationships with large scale buyers (Armstrong ; Kotler, 2009).On the other hand the Hershey Company would benefit with the use of a â€Å"push† strategy when marketing to individual consumers. This technique will allow the Hershey Company to take full advantage of their massive advertising budget, and the consumers will create a demand for the chocolate bar (Armstrong ; Kotler, 2009). Message Strategy Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject.The Hershey Company is well served with their simple message, Hershey’s will bring a little bit of happiness into every day. This message is simple yet consistent in all of the Hershey’s advertising, and is revealed in many ways which generally include friends or family and always good times. Hershey’s takes a sof t approach when sending this message and the consumer is made to feel content with the simple pleasure of a little bit of happiness. Promotion Tool #1 Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph.Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. Promotion Tool #1 Advertising The Hershey chocolate bar will be promoted via advertising. This advertising will consists of TV commercials on the Disney channel, Lifetime and the three major networks. Also magazine ads will be placed in Family Circle and Better Homes and Gardens. These areas for advertisement have been selected based on the psychographic data related to the target market. Hershey’s message of putting a little bit of happiness in every day will be related by the big smiles and pleasant atmosphere depicted in the photos and commercials.Further the intent of these advertising tools is to remind consumers (Armstrong ; Kotler, 2009) that the Hershey bar is still the consumers favorite chocolate bar. Promotion Tool #2 Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mastery of the subject. Direct marketing via the internet will be used to promote Hershey products. On the Hershey websites consumers can purchase custom chocolate bars in orders large or small.Consumers can also send custom gifts for special occasions which are sure to bring a little bit of happiness to any recipient. The excitement of giving or receiving chocolate that has been selected and packaged for someone special is what will keep customers coming back to the website, and encourage new customers to purchase that something special. Promotion Tool #3 Introduce the concept and cite the resources DO NOT use the exact words†¦ be sure to indent the first line of the paragraph. Using direct quotes does not show your mast ery of the subject.Due to positive public relations the Hershey Company has enjoyed over 100 years of success (Company Profile, 2003). With today’s technology and the ability to exchange information rapidly, positive public relations are a necessity. The Hershey Company will continue to operate in a way that enhances communities and leaves a positive impact on places relevant to chocolate production (The Hershey Company, n. d. ). The Hershey company will maintain a website that allows consumers to explore all the ways in which the Hershey company enhances the lives of employees and consumers alike (West, n. d. ). ConclusionAdd some concluding remarks-can be a sentence or two. As you can see marketing the Hershey’s chocolate bar is not a simple task. However with careful planning and continued efforts to understand consumers desires the Hershey Chocolate bar will enjoy continued success. References direct distribution. BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved April 06, 2012, from BusinessDictionary. com website: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/direct-distribution. html indirect channel of distribution. BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved April 06, 2012, from BusinessDictionary. com website: http://www. businessdictionary. om/definition/indirect-channel-of-distribution. html Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY. Retrieved on April 6, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu- online. com/pages/MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics /Pages/ Orientation. aspx West, David. (2008). The Hershey Company Business Update Call Transcript. Retrieved on April 8, 2012 from http://seekingalpha. com/article/82178-the-hershey-company-business- update-call-transcript Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY. Retrieved on April 6, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu- online. com/pages/MainFr ame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics /Pages/ Orientation. aspx The Hershey Company. (2011). Hershey Announces Third Quarter Results; Updates Outlook for 201. HERSHEY, Pa. , Oct 27, 2011 (BUSINESS WIRE) –The Hershey Company (NYSE: HSY):http://www. thehersheycompany. com/newsroom/news- release. aspx? id=1622319 Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY retrieved on March 21, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu- online. om/pages/MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics /Pages/ Orientation. aspx Company Profile (2003). The Hershey Company. Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/about/profile. asp Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY retrieved on March 21, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu- online. com/pages/MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics /Pages/ Orientation. aspx The Hershey Company (n. d. ). Environmentally sustainable coca farming. Retrieved on March 25, 2012, from http://www. thehersheycompany. om/social-esponsibility/introduction. asp West, D. J. (n. d. ). Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/social-responsibility/introduction. asp The Hershey Company (n. d. ). Nutrition & Wellness. Retrieved on March 25, 2012 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/nutrition-and-wellness. aspx Gamgort, Bob, (2008). Mars first confectionery company to launch front of pack nutrition labeling globally. Mars Press Center. Retrieved on April 1, 2012 from http://www. mars. com/global/press- center/press-list/news- releases. aspx? SiteId =94&Id=1473 Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. 2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. Chapter 9 Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY retrieved on March 31, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu-online. com/ pages/Main Frame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics/Pages/Orientation. aspx ‘Nestle's new strategy'. (2006). Country Monitor, 14, 30, p. 5, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, Retrieved on April 1, 2012 from http://ehis. ebscohost. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/ehost/detail? vid=5&hid=121&sid=d8852264-be1b-4312-b9e5- 2f18af6abc9b%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=buh amp;AN=22043473 The Hershey Company (n. d. ). Nutrition & Wellness. Retrieved on March 25, 2012 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/nutrition-and-wellness. aspx Almond, S. (2009, May 01). Taste: The Candy Man Can. Wall Street Journal, pp. W. 13-W. 13. Retrieved on March 31, 2012 from http://search. proquest. com. proxy. cecybrary. com /abicomplete/docprintview/399076809/fultext/135C1E3BE2766F378F5/2? accountid=14 4459 Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius. (2011). Chapter 5: Understanding Consumer Behavior. Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York,NY retrieved on March 31 , 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu- online. com/ pages/ MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/ Academics/Pages/Orientation. aspx Kerin, Hartley ; Rudelius. (2011). Marketing Tenth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-39-013641-1. New York, NY retrieved on March 21, 2012 from https://mycampus. aiu-online. com/pages/MainFrame. aspx? ContentFrame=/Academics/Pages/Orientation. aspx Marketing. (2005). In International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management. Retrieved on March 21, 2012 from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/entry/esthospitality/marketing Marketing. (2003).In The Macmillan Encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 21, 2012 from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/entry/move/marketing Milton S. Hershey. The Man. (n. d. ) retrieved on March 21, 2012 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/about-hershey/our-story/milton. aspx NOTE: The reference list starts on a new page after your conclusion. Armstrong, G. , ; Kotler, P. (2009). Marketi ng: An Introduction (9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Company Profile (2003). The Hershey Company. Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/about/profile. asp Discover Hershey’ (n. . ). Company History. Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www. thehersheycompany. com/social-responsibility/introduction. asp Hershey boosts marketing to make up for missteps. BNET. Retrieved June 14, 2010 from http://industry. bnet. com/food/100081/hershey-boosts-marketing-to-make-up-for- missteps/ Hershey’s International (n. d. ). Hershey’s Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www. hersheys. com/international/index. asp? ICID=HER1038 â€Å"Marketing† A Dictionary of Business and Management. Ed. Jonathan Law. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.Career Education Corporation (Greenspoint). 11 June 2010 http://www. oxfordreference. com/views/ENTRY. html? subview=Main;entry=t18. e 3950; â€Å"Marke ting†. (2006). In Collins Dictionary of Economics. Retrieved 11 June 2010 from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/collinsecon/marketing Mitchell, D. (2008, June 17). Mitchell, D. (2008, June 17). Hershey boosts marketing to make up for missteps. BNET Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://industry. bnet. com/food/100081/hershey-boosts-marketing-to-make-up-for-missteps/ The Hershey Company (n. d. ). Environmentally sustainable coca farming. Retrieved June 14, 2010 from

Upward communication Essays

Upward communication Essays Upward communication Paper Upward communication Paper It sends information electronically over telephone lines. It sends both written and visual information.  This type of communication is increasing. Company has website they use for all forms of external communication purposes and for public relations activities.  It is to communicate with someone from outside the organisation who is interested in something the organisation has done. Part of a public relations strategy in such circumstances is to build up a positive perception and image of the organisation. The response should be designed to improve public. Phone It may be the first point of contact outside the organisation. It is fast to communicate and it allows people who would find it difficult to meet for conversation.  Downward and Upward communication  Downward communication Executives of the company who belong to the top of the structure in the company decide the systems, rules and work and then they communicate these down the line to employees. It is happen to avoid errors. If a manager needs to remind employees about something, he usually sends emails to them officially. In each division when managers communicate with employees they use face to face, email, memos, faxes or letters. They hold meetings in each section regularly to impact information in that section i.e. what they need to do and it is important that they do their function properly. The root of communication in Bridgestone is the same as the organisation structure. Upward communication Employees at the bottom of the structure might suggest any ideas or opinions to the people at the top class. It is used because people at the lower part of organisation structure have more practical experience. Also sometimes good ideas flow from the bottom to the top.  As well as a manager is sending emails to everyone in the company, they also can send emails employees if they have good suggestions, ideas or opinions. In Bridgestone the communications happens more in each division or department and the final ideas, opinions or decisions are brought up to the executive level in directors meetings or by report. In Bridgestone each position (section manager, general manager, director, vice president, executive vice president and president etc) reports to upper positions with their own responsibility. The root of communication in Bridgestone is the same as I have shown as organisation structure. These channels are necessary for the business to function, because through their communication the business to be successful. If they do not communicate with each other customers would not be interested in producing the product due to pour organisation and communication. When they work in the factory, they have to communicate to make product on time by production line otherwise the products made up might be defective. Also they need to know customers expectation so they should have some ways of communication so they can increase sales and profits. In addition they need to communicate to the company in other countries regularly to make sure targets of work. I think communication system in the Bridgestone is very effective. They know the size of organisation and number of divisions which exist. This helps communication. In Bridgestone the working plan includes aims and subject and these are communicated to all divisions. They have meetings regularly and they have their own separates function to make the organisation work. Ideas are gathered in each division and brought to executives attention. I think sending email is a very good way of communication because everyone will train themselves to check it. If it is shown on the notice board some of them may not see and miss the message and it will cause some problems. In addition the communication downward and upward in Bridgestone encourages people to work more willingly. The objectives of Bridgestone communication system is that is solving problems quickly and effectively as much as possible. If communication system does not work well, the problem will be hidden and when they notice about it, it might be too late, therefore the organisation might loose customers.  The administration in Bridgestone is based on the organisation structure as well as communicate to administration.  The communication system of Bridgestone has the positive and the negative points as following. It works smoothly by having meeting with managers and executives.  There is less chance to be brought up their individual ideas to meeting.  The information for everyone will be given from president properly by email.  It could be happened missing communication with some parts of the company.  There is chance to discuss in their divisions they will be encouraged managing their functions.  It is difficult that executives know exactly what downward is always doing.  They can communicate widely both inside and outside the company.  Some problem may happen between the companies in another country.  Their view points are expanding through communication in different countries. Lots of them cannot communicate with customers directly so that it is difficult to find out exact customers want.  They can communicate quickly so they can deliver the product to customers in early time.  They may miss messages sent by email without accessing to email facilities.  The communication system in Bridgestone works well but there might be some ways to improve their systems. In recent years the ICT systems have developed so it helps their communication. They can use more email in stead of letters faxes which are sometimes very time consuming to communicate so it is time saving. Using ICT make it easy to communicate to not only internal but also external. Internet may help external communication where is companies stock control helps internal communication.

Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work

Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work Have you made or tried a natural homemade mosquito repellent? If so, let other readers who whether it was effective for you. Do you have any favorite natural mosquito repellent recipes? Lemon Juice Lemon juice worked really well for me, and Im a mosquito magnet. I had shorts on and put lemon juice (just normal lemon juice you can buy from the store) on my legs (it wasnt sticky) and the mosquitoes stopped biting my legs. Unfortunately, I didnt have a sprayer and they moved on to biting me through my shirt; but not my legs though! - Charlie Wow Vicks Really So simple an I think it works!! Just tried it this morning and no bites (yet! Knock on wood!) I was mixing up all these spices from the kitchen then came across that post and thank goodness I did! I just moved back to Orlando and the Mosquitos here are only getting worse!! I havent been going outside. I think and hope u solved my problem!!!! Thank u!!! - Flsnowbunnyy Mr Clean please stop! I would like to ask Guest Mr Clean to re-consider applying dryer softener sheets to his and his childrens skin. Chemicals in the sheets might absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, possibly affecting the brain or other vital organs. With all due respect, it just doesnt seem safe. - NatureHealth Dawn I set out a container with water near patio. When larva appear I add a drop of two of Dawn. I have also caught adult mosquitoes. This seem to reduce the overall population in the area. I keep a ceiling fan on high when on the patio and the mosquitoes stay away. I suspect the fan dissipates the CO2 from my breath that attracts them. - Guest Donald Natural Mosquito repellent!! Rub a light layer of vicks rub on the bare skin! Not only will you be able to breathe well... little pesky boogers stay away!!! :) - VICKS GOTTA TRY IT CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE Ive been using regular bounty dryer sheets for about a year now on my self as well as my 6 yr old, 4 yr old and 1 yr old, and it works AMAZINGLY!!! Just rub it on and thats it! I even tape them to the inside of my tent while camping and Ive killed one maybee 2 sqeeters. - Mr. Clean Vinegar of the Four Thieves This stuff kept away the Bubonic Plague! Seriously strong but natural and cheaper than oils. Smells foul when wet but OK when dry: Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent Ingredients: ââ€"  1 32 ounce bottle of Apple Cider Vinegar ââ€"  2 TBSP each of dried Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Thyme and Mint ââ€"  At least quart size glass jar with airtight lid How to Make the Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent: 1.Put the vinegar and dried herbs into large glass jar. 2.Seal tightly and store on counter or place you will see it daily. Shake well each day for 2-3 weeks. 3.After 2-3 weeks, strain the herbs out and store in spray bottles or tincture bottles, preferably in fridge. 4.To use on skin, dilute to half with water in a spray bottle and use as needed. 5.Use whenever you need serious bug control! [Note: This mixture is very strong and has antiviral and antibacterial properties.] - Normski It works I take cinnamon pills. I have not been bitten in over 2 years. - twice shy Mosquito repellent fumes Mixture of dried leaves and fruit coats of tree Pongamia Pinneta with 2 % Neem oil and 2 % Pongamia Pinneta oil when burned like incense sticks to give fumes repels mosquitoes from the room. Pongamia Pinneta is called KARANJ in Hindi. - Sushil Kumar Sharma Natural Room Spray Gday! A while ago my Mum found a great add in the paper with how to make this, we went and bought all the essential oils and carrier oil which cost a fortune at the time we figured, we were getting our moneys worth if it worked, which it did !It was great! Now I want to make it up, Mum cant find the list of ingredients! sigh, all I can remember, is it had metholated spirits and water with it, vinegar and about 8 or more 100% pure oils, you would literally see the flies come in and back off where she had sprayed in the kitchen, can anyone help here? I possibley have some of the ingredients wrong and it was in a spray bottle. I do know of a mix to deter toads though, its affectionately known by my friends who invented it as 8 hops cos thats about as far as they get after being sprayed by it, I spray around my doorways and sliding doors, to prevent them coming into the house. Its half and half of Metholated Spirits and Dettol, dont use cheap brands they stink. - Tonianne repellents citronella is the best! try it now please - adrian Mosquitoes repellents I have try inside my apartament, the little patio and entrance putting a glass gar with water and smash garlic, it seams that have worked on me. You can try that. - Margie SantaMaria lavender oil i usually get tons of mosquito bites when i go camping but the last couple of times i went i used lavender oil as a mosquito repellent and it worked amazingly! i didnt get a single bite! - crystal vinegar I was told that regular vinegar would repel them but it didnt. i also tried that thing you clip on and it didnt work either. Anyone have any experience with those two? my friend tried the vinegar and it worked for her. and people swear by the clip on thingy. i wonder why they still attack me. - sharon Skin So Soft has DEET Avon Skin So Soft is an effective repellent because it contains DEET. And DEET is less expensive than the Avon product... - Kathryn CATNIP OIL is HATED by mosquitos! Cant believe you didnt mention the essential oil of Catnip! It is off the charts for keeping mosquitos away, AND it doesnt stink! One way you can mix essential oils into water based products is to mix Polysorbate 20 with your essential oil 1:1 BEFORE mixing into water or vinegar..Basically the polysorbate is a naturally derived emulsifier. It will make your oil mix into water so it is equally dispersed, say, in a sprayer. I buy my catnip and polysorbate 20 from a small essential oil distributer. Prob cant name it here, but just google it. You can mix in Witch Hazel instead of water or vinegar or just use all three. - gina castor oil is NOT an essential oil Castor oil is a carrier oil, but I would not recommend it for an application like this since it is very thick and sticky. Two other EOs which are mosquito repellents are Lemongrass and Lavender. - Erin retired chem teacher liquid Ivory soap for dishes worked very well with the added benefit of being able to clean dishes. I rubbed one arm only with it and mosquitoes stayed away for over an hour. My other arm was attacked often. - DHK Listerine and Mosquitoes My little Yorkie gets deathly sick from heartworm medication, cant tolerate most chemicals so can never take her out in evening/early morning. Last year on a tip, tried putting a neckerchief on her sprayed with Listerine...and slapped some on me too (I seem to be a major mosquito magnet). Well, it worked like a charm! Unbelievably, I didnt get a single bite and I live in a huge mosquito infested area d/t lots of woods and ponds. Still dont like taking my little pooch out at night, but if I must take her somewhere, I dont leave home without her Listerine soaked neckachief and I love that there are no harsh chemicals to stress her liver and pancreas (she suffers from chronic pancreatitis so its essential I totally limit chemicals on her). - Judyann J Neem Oil Light up the tip of a wick (4 inch long cotton threads rolled by hand to form a wick) immersed in a small dish containing NEEM )oil (50ml costs Ind.Rs50/- ).The fumes are not harmful.ventilate the room after half hour.the mosquitoes fly away if windows are open.The just DROP DEAD if this lighted lamp is kept in a closed room. I have tried it and it really works. for outdoors, you can rub neem oil on the exposed part of the body to keep away mosquitoes. - JAYAKUMAR.R Listerine I Have tried this , spraying it full strength on my dogs bed at night. It definately helps reduce the number of mozzies but not all of them. My dog doesnt mind the smell, I used the regular brand listerine. However my friend sprayed her back yard area with the mint listerine and she said it attracted a lot of ants, so she advises againt the sweeter style listerine. - fastpurpleharley Ms. Im such a mosquito magnet (also black biting flies) that my kids say Throw Momma off the deck! In a short trip outside today, I got 4 bites, my husband got none. My skin temp is cooler than most; its not the time of the month (Im past that). Oddly I think Im totally immune to poison ivymay never have had it. Connection? - Ellen Know your oils! To repond to Keithgvp Cassia Oil is NOT Cinnamon Oil. - Tommy Internal Mosquito Repellant Ive found that taking excessive amounts of Vitamin C for a few days before going camping keeps mosquitos and bugs in general away from me. Being water soluble, Vitamin C wont accumulate in the body, but instead will be excreted in sweat. Bugs hate it! NOTE: If you experience diarrhea youre taking too much. - drdulttl lemon EUCALYPTUS Ok so if you buy lemon eucalyptus as a liquid incense it is far more cheaper than buying the oil, as you can dilute the incense in baby oil or mix it with body lotion apply. And this way it is cheaper and probably better for your skin as with the oil it wasnt really designed for the skin but for oil burners. As well another good technique if you have a baby is to just spray a little on their teddy/doll or something they sleep with. And yes lemon eucalyptus does work (personal experience). - kandii mosquito repellent I hear that spraying oneself and area with the reg. listerine helps get rid of mosquitoes. I hope this helps. - audrey essential oil caution When using any essential oil, mix a small amount first and test it on your wrist. If you have a bad reaction, dont use it! The only oil I have issues with is Lemon. Cinnamon Oil has been a favorite of mine for other uses, so will be trying it as a mosquito repellent tonight. Im guessing the camphor and eucalyptus in Vicks is what does the trick against mosquitos. - Everythingherbal Listerine Dryer Sheets I live in Northern California. We have mosquitoes. I spend a lot of time in the woods and attract the little buggers like crazy. I have found Regular Listerine( buy the cheaper generic brands ) and even clothing softener sheets work very well . I see where the mouth wash contains eucalyptus oil and I prefer it to the sheets . I just use it undiluted in a spray bottle..Apply it every couple of hours. - Jim All Natural Bug Deterrent Candle I make soy wax candles and have been wanting to make a Be Gone Bug one, esp living in the Southeast! Ill let ya know how it turns out... - Heather Jernigan Repellent Alternative I like the idea of making my own insect repellent but I don’t always have the time (or all the ingredients) to do so. I did some research and learned that Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) is the only plant based product recommended by the EPA and CDC for use as an insect repellent. (Check out cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/RepellentUpdates.htm if your interested in what they have to say) OLE is proven to work as well as DEET without the harmful effects. If anyone is interested in trying it, Cutter and Repel both make an OLE product - Ashley mint leaves and vicks can help Ive found Vicks very useful as the mosquito repellent. Whats the annoying chemical in it for mosquitoes? For other insects such as house flies, I found mint leaves dipped in a bowl of water are very effective. - irfana aamir Mosquito repellents I have used Avons repellent also, but I discovered if I get some mosquito fish and put them in water around the outside or see standing water and dump it out it helps keep them down. I know some parts of our country are just mosquito prone. I wish everyone could get some fish that eat this kind of pest. - Anna Elizabeth Wooten vics I found that if I apply Vicks on a few places on my legs, arms and forehead I have no problem the whole night. - AK4Services Dangerous Cinnamon Oil! This is dangerous! I am warning readers not to try cinnamon oil, even diluted 20 to 1, as a mosquito repellent. At that ratio I sprayed some on my face and shoulders (luckily not in my eyes) and in seconds my skin was red and burning. I was in agony as I tried to wash it off, and covered my skin with bicarbonate of soda (a base). I cant believe a PhD would recommend this as a treatment without probably trying it herself. This seems highly irresponsible. Imagine if someone, perhaps a child, sprayed themselves with a cinnamon oil repellent and was nowhere near a source to wash it off? Again, This is a highly dangerous substance: WARNIING, DO NOT USE CINNAMON OIL! (or at the least, the kind I purchased - Chinese Cassia Cinnamon Oil made by a company called Now Foods, in Bloomingdale Il. However, I have had success with a lemon-eucalyptus combination cut with witch hazel. - Keithgvp The Listerine Remedy Ive tried Listerine on and around my doors to keep mosquitoes away. It works just fine. Although you do have to reapply every couple of days, it sure beats spending big $$ on commercial repellents. The old tried and true Skin So Soft (Avon)works well also, in conjunction with one of the oils. Skin so Soft works well on my grandson. But if we are going out for a LONG time, I will lightly spray his clothing BEFORE he is dressed with Off. I just find using a variety of methods is quite efffective. - Mellinpie Listerine for Mosquito control I too have heard of using Listerine around the deck and on the screens and windows. Has anyone else heard of this? If so, how well does it work and why? - James Talley Mosquito Repellent For a couple of backyard events, before guests arrived, we sprayed equal parts of lemon-flavored ammonia mixed with lemon Joy or Dawn (liquid dishwashing soaps) in one of those Miracle Grow hose dispensers, and sprayed around the yard and bushes. This is a temporary fix, but seemed to help. - jandalton Favorite Natural Mosquito Repellents The easiest repellent to make, for me, has been cinnamon oil in olive oil or another vegetable oil. Unlike most of the other mosquito-repelling oils, I actually have cinnamon oil in the cupboard to use as a flavoring for cooking. A little goes a long ways... dont over the cinnamon, especially if you are going to use the product on your skin. If you rub it in your eyes it will burn. My favorite natural mosquito repellent, in terms of effectiveness and scent, is lemon eucalyptus oil in either vodka (non-greasy) or else a mix of vodka and vegetable oil. Another really good natural mosquito repellent is lemon oil. If you arent up for making your own insect repellent, Ive seen lemon oil available commercially as a Burts Bees bath oil. - gemdragon

The Academic Decathlon †How to Prepare for the USAD Test

The Academic Decathlon – How to Prepare for the USAD Test The Academic Decathlon – How to Prepare for the USAD Test Academic competitions are common. There are spelling bees and robotic competitions on a national level, for example. There are school-wide, regional, and state competitions. One of the most interesting national academic competitions is the Academic Decathlon, a product of the U.S. Academic Decathlon Association (USAD). The competition was created in 1968 by the Superintendent of Schools for Orange Country, California just for California. It was later expanded to a national competition, and today most states and a few international schools now participate. What is Unique About the Academic Decathlon Most competitions involve the very best students that schools can put together as competitors. But this one is different, in the following ways: Each team is made up of 9 students. 3 are considered â€Å"honors† with GPA’s between 3.75-4.0; 3 are named â€Å"scholastic, with GPA’s between 3 – 3.74; 3 are named â€Å"varsity† with GPA’s of 0.00 – 2.99). There are ten events, and all students compete as individuals in their classified divisions. Team scores are determined by taking top scores from each division in each of the events and then added up for a total score for the team. Competitions begin at the local level, and the winning team from each state then moves on to the national competition. Tests of the Competition The ten events of USAD cover all academic disciplines that typical high school students study. These are as follows: 7 multiple-choice tests in language literature, math, science, social studies, economics, art and music. There is a Super Quiz that is either in science or social studies There is an essay to write, based upon optional prompts Each student must prepare a speech on a pre-selected topic Each student will be interviewed by judges. Obviously, the multiple-choice tests are objective measurements. The other three events are assessed subjectively by the judges, although the judging criteria is published on the organization’s website. Students don’t Go In â€Å"Blind† Every year the organization publishes its curriculum in every subject on its website. This provides students with an outline of the skills and content to be included in the 7 objective tests. This curriculum is developed by a 10-member panel. Anyone contributing to the curriculum must have a Bachelor’s degree in the subject. Once the curriculum is created, it is then checked by others for accuracy. There is also a USAD â€Å"theme† developed for each year, and the tests all relate to the theme. In the language and literature section, for example, a novel or set of plays is selected each year and provided to students. In music and art, students are provided with specific works that they must research and study. If, for example, the theme were to be â€Å"Africa,† as it was one year, social studies, language and literature, economics, art, and music tests will all relate to that continent, and contestants are provided specific topics to study. The Subjective Portions of the Competition As the term implies, there are no right or wrong answers to these parts of the event. Speech: This event is divided into two parts. The first is a prepared speech on a pre-provided topic, and it is to be 3  ½ - 4 minutes long. The second part is an impromptu speech. Contestants are given three optional prompts, choose one, and then deliver a 1  ½ - 2minute speech on that topic. The Interview: This is a formal event, during which the student is asked a series of questions and expected to respond. Questions have included such things as â€Å"Who is your role model and why?† The Essay: Contestants are given three prompts, choose one, and have 50 minutes to write their essays on the chosen topic. The prompts relate to the theme of that year and come from the language and literature or the Super Quiz areas. How to Prepare for the USAD Test There is a wealth of information published and updated each year on the organization’s website. This includes the theme and â€Å"curriculum† in each of the seven objective testing content areas. Information is released according to a calendar. For the 2017-2018 USAD competition, for example, the theme and general topic was posted March 1, 2018; the outlines for each curricular topic area on May 1; and more specific curriculum materials (e.g., study guides) will began to be shipped out to team coaches and state directors on May 15. The competition takes place in November, 2018, giving teams the summer months to spend time in strong preparation. Materials for Study – The Objective Multiple-Choice Tests The study materials that are provided by the USAD, including the topic areas and outlines are all free and can be downloaded from the website, and this is a good start for preparation. The more specific study materials – resource guides, study guides, etc. must be purchased by each team, and the cost is $1000. While there have been lots of complaints about charging for these materials, the organization claims that it has to in order to meet its over $1 million budget each year. This can put an additional burden on schools and school districts that are from poorer areas, and that has been a point of controversy. There are also USAD practice tests that are developed each year by third-party for-profit companies. These are sold to teams, and, when schools are able to provide this kind of financial support, the tests can be a big help. The USAD does not support or encourage the purchase of the practice tests; however, they are well-done and can give a team a pretty big advantage. Any time students have the opportunity to take practice test, research shows that they do better on the real thing. With all of this information and all of these study materials, most teams can be well-prepared for the objective testing events, provided they have a good coach and they spend a lot of time studying the material. The objective tests are very fact-based and do not require critical or creative thinking. It is really a matter of memorization. Because of this, a number of educational associations, such as the ASCD, have criticized the objective portion of the event. The criticism relates to the fact that students are basically engaged in straight memorization of facts rather than any higher-level thinking skills, such as application, analysis, or synthesis. The Association’s response is that, because the event is theme-based, students will become â€Å"experts† of sorts on those wider curricular areas and will have a knowledge base that they would not get in a regular school curricular environment. Materials for Study – The Subjective Portion of Testing No one can completely prepare for this portion of the event. However, given that the USAD theme for each year is published, and given that the essay and speech prompts will all relate to this theme, preparation can be in the following forms: For the essay portion of the exam, students can review and study essay samples in the general topical theme areas. And just as they would practice for an ACT or SAT essay, they should write several essays on their own that also relate to the theme and the language and literature and super quiz curricula. Speech Preparation: The ability to deliver a good speech is as much about self-confidence as it is about the content. Students should practice preparing and delivering speeches on the thematic topic areas of course. It is the impromptu speech event that will probably present the greatest challenge. But there are tactics and strategies that can be learned and practiced. During the time they have to prepare for USAF test, students should be given topics from their coaches that relate to the theme and take the one-minute of allowed preparation time to gather their thoughts. The most important parts of any speech are the opening and the ending. Practice using your minute of allowed preparation time to craft a great opening sentence and a solid ending. These will be the most memorable. Again, practice is the one thing that will get you over that anxiety and nervousness. The Interview: you will not be able to anticipate the questions you might be asked in a formal interview situation. The key to success, though, will be in your ability to stay calm, focused, and poised. Again, the key to a successful interview is practice. Your USAD coach should set up several interview sessions and ask difficult questions. Your goal is to take a minute, think about the question being asked, and form a response that relates directly to that question. Part of evaluating your performance will be your ability to stick to the topic of the question, to speak clearly and with confidence, and to keep your response relatively brief. The biggest mistake that people make during interviews is veering off topic and giving an answer that is disjointed and incoherent. Outside Research – It is Valuable You have the outlines and the study guide and resource materials. You know what the theme is. This year, for example, it is Africa. So, how much do you really know about Africa – it’s history, its development, it political, economic and social challenges? Most high schools do not offer a course in African studies, so you may not know much. You can take the study guides and gain a lot of factual information about Africa, but do you really have a solid, general understanding of the continent? Chances are you don’t. Take some time during the summer months before the competition to make Africa your focus of study. There is an amazing amount of online resources about this continent and the richness of its history, geography, and societies. Your goal should be to get a broad base of general knowledge, so that the factual information you may need to memorize actually makes sense to you. For example, you can access the National Geographic website and find a huge amount of information about Africa. In fact, there is a TV series on our African beginnings, narrated by Morgan Freeman, that is soon to start. Likewise, there are news stories about Africa published daily by online news organizations. The more general knowledge you can absorb about Africa, the more you will be able to appear as an â€Å"expert,† especially during the subjective portions of the event. You just never know when you may be able to throw in some information you have about Africa that will impress the judges. Above All – Take the Time You Need When you study for final exams, you have two choices. You can organize your material regularly throughout the semester and study a bit at a time. Or, you can â€Å"cram† at the last minute, perhaps 1-2 days before that exam and get help from essay services. Students who choose either option can be successful and get good exam grades. But preparing for the Academic Decathlon is different. It’s not like a final exam in history or social studies that covers a finite amount of material. It is an examination that covers all content areas. There is no way to â€Å"cram† at the last minute. Fortunately, your team will have a coach who will prepare a schedule of work and study over a longer period of time. You can study and learn in a relatively stress-free environment, and this means that you will retain much of what you learn long-term. So, if you study a piece of literature without the stress of an immediate exam, that more relaxed environment allows you to absorb information, to think critically about the piece, and to â€Å"cement† your understanding. Likewise, the longer preparation time will allow lots of practice for the subjective parts of the event – those speeches, the interview, and that essay. In these areas, it is practice, not study, that will make the difference. Above all, you need to understand that you are a part of a team with a coach. While you will be scored on your individual performance, it is important that you have the mindset of being a member of a team. Each member’s accomplishments should be encouraged and applauded – that’s what teamwork is all about.

Informative Speech Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative Speech Outline - Essay Example Therefore, how many of you belong to a fraternity or a sorority for that matter? Do any of you know the background information of any sorority you have ever heard of or belonged? I’m going to provide you with the background history of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated as well as the accomplishments attained by the organization. B. Tie to the audience: By show of hands, how many of you have ever heard or belonged to a sorority or a fraternity? Today I’m going to talk about the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Inc. From your show of hands I have noticed that most of you either belong or have heard of sororities and fraternities. C. My credentials: I and my siblings belonged to sororities along with fraternities while we were in college. I want to inform everyone who is here that there is a lot interesting stuff regarding sororities and fraternities. The history of almost every sorority is very captivating. D. Main topic/Thesis statement: Unfortunately, there is no way we can make it back there since we are all out of college. That is the reason it is crucial to know the history and purpose of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated. 5. Evidence: A sorority is a group of people usually women that is formed by a sisterhood of common aspirations and goals making a commitment to each other for life. The members that usually form the sorority share their knowledge, friendship and efforts (Torbenson & Parks, 2012). Delta Sigma Theta was established in 1913 by a group of 22 women at Howard University. The women were dedicated to service especially targeting the African-American community. 9. Evidence: As cited by Giddings (2009), Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Inc. is the largest Greek-lettered African-American organization. It is also open to any woman who qualifies for the membership requirements. 10. Analysis: The sisterhood has more than 300,000 initiated members who are majorly black. It has a global presence in countries such as, Japan,

UK Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK Company Law - Essay Example However, the section 172 of CA 2006 is itself a novelty which includes an explicit duty to promote the growth of the company successfully. Further, it also contains a new notion of â€Å"open-minded or enlightened shareholder value†. Whether a director of a company can be held accountable for any fiscal losses to the company due to their wrong decisions by the shareholders of the company? Under the UK Companies Act, shareholders including minority and institutional shareholders can now initiate legal action against erring directors or directors to whom hefty pay packages are being offered without relevance to their performance through derivative actions or through unfair prejudice clause. As the Institutional shareholders and the public grow angrier and angrier over the almost unimaginable riches that FTSE bosses are ranking in, the sudden spurt in shareholders’ activism in UK in recent days is being felt like the ‘shareholder spring’ had finally sprungâ₠¬â„¢. ... Institutional Investors and Minority Shareholder’s Activism in UK-An Analysis Under section 173 & 174 of the Companies Act 2006, though the directors of a company are appointed and ousted by shareholders, but the directors do not have any duty of care to any individual shareholder. It is to be observed that the duty of care by the directors is to the whole of the company’s stakeholders and is not applicable to a shareholder only to the magnitude of their investment held in the company, and thus the director’s duty of care is confined to the capital and not to any individual per se. Further, earlier, the shareholders are having every right to pass resolutions at a general meeting to restraint directors of a company but such resolutions are not binding on company directors, and it is advisory in nature only. For company directors, maximising the wealth of the shareholders is not a legal mandate but only an idealised norm of conduct. The directors are not expected t o answer only to the shareholders but also accountable for other stakeholders of the company like creditors, customers, employees, local community and suppliers. (Haynes, Murray & Dillard: 57). Under UK corporate law, there exist no explicit defence or business judgment rule as a safe harbour provision for commercial decisions taken by the directors of a company. However, the absence of any explicit provision in this regard does not leave the corporate directors in UK in the lurch. Thus, as per Justice Austin, in the absence of any explicit provisions under the UK Companies Act as regards to the business judgement rule, but the shareholders may avail safe harbour provisions through the ratification of director’s decisions by the

Apple Watch and its luxury gambit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple Watch and its luxury gambit - Essay Example t it made its launching a disappointment to the many apple fans waiting for the product as they questioned what possible feature or reason would make them spend that amount of money. The watch comes with beautiful wrist bands that make them look like jewellery and a button that makes swiping of the screen easier, however, it was noted during the launch, there were confusing array of touches and buttons that were not as obvious as other apple devices. The launch of this watch was a disappointment to many because it did not meet the high standards people expected from it. Though there are many who appreciate and embrace the watch as it is, appreciating the features that come with it, the design and its uses, most people did not like the high prices associated with the new device and also how it did not have extra features from most smart phones as such. There are advantages of this commercialization. The market has had a chance to get to know the product. Apple’s creation of Healthkit in its operating system for the watch has brought a new feature where the consumer can keep track and record of health and fitness. The watch also receives data from smart phones and tablets-even though this is still restricted to the Apple ecosystem. The watch has a mobile payment services thus it can be used in transactions, just like a phone. It also has siri a personal assistant and it can control Apple TV. The risks related to commercialization of this watch outweigh the benefits. This is firstly, due to its very high prices announced when it was being launched. The prices seem to target a specific class of people. The other reason is due to its dependence to a smart phone- the watch cannot run on its own-just like the way apple phones share data with other apple phones only. (Lashinsky, 2012). However, there a few applications that can run independent of the smart phone like telling the time. Appropriate research and consideration of the target market did not seem to be put

Capstone PROJECT Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capstone PROJECT - Article Example Martin Luther King was one of the major champions of great principle, laboring and sacrificed his life to advance the cause the equal rights for all individuals within United States of America (Bloom & Blake Web). Various people have discussed about the American dream but so far it has never been achieved Short documentary film to be created by own cinematic masterpiece in a showcase (Crosby et al Web). My opinion and belief on the American dream is that it will one day be achieved (Gibson &Mark Web). The impact of achieving the American dream will provides the people of American the first chance to job opportunities. The objectives should reflect the past and present beliefs, values and experiences. Further, the objectives try to demonstrate the thoughtful consideration of rhetorical choices to achieve the purpose (Kopple Web). To admire the political rights to all including the Republic and Democrats, the leaders elected are supposed to be committed. However, it helps in gaining a proper critical distance while considering the King’s advice (Mailer Web). The King suggested people to love their enemies in order to foster the development and continuity of the people within the United States. The project will have a professional quality workmanship. This can be achieved through proper working skills in collecting the necessary information’s (Newlin Web). Further, the parameter should contain a meaningful and purposeful chosen text track that can provides understandable and content of the American Dream (Ramsay Web). While using the while using visuals and audios, both should have an open meaning to allow quick understanding to the people of the United States. The process of projects varies with the choice of the researcher. However, the process used should have maximum provision of evidence and facts to all individuals (Obama Web). Use of the photographs is always preferred since it always tries to provide facts and is durable.

Job opportunities in the deaf community Research Paper

Job opportunities in the deaf community - Research Paper Example This paper delves into job opportunities in the deaf community. The deaf community has its own employment or job resources and opportunities to help the deaf as well as hearing people who are seeking employment opportunities that are related to deafness. It is worth noting that employment opportunities in the deaf community are near similar to other communities. This is because this community requires almost similar types of goods and services (Padden and Tom 33). The first type of job in the deaf community is teaching jobs that are essential in facilitating education in the community. The second one is that of interpreters who help in aiding communication between hearing people and deaf people. The other type of job opportunity in deaf community is captioning – captioning jobs have gained prominence in the deaf community especially because laws of many countries have called for captioning in the broadcasting (Andrews, Leigh and Tammy 106). Captioning entails displaying text or non-speech elements on visual display such as video or television to provide interpretive or additional information to deaf people. There is also the job of speech language pathologists and audiologists who are essential in providing healthcare services to the deaf. They diagnose, monitor, and treat disorders of the vestibular and auditory system (Padden and Tom 71). Psychologists also have opportunity to work in this community. For instance, counseling and clinical psychologists can provide psychological services for deaf people of all ages in mental health clinics and hospitals such as, assessment, therapy and counseling. Social workers are also required in the deaf community and this is because they provide a broad range of services to the deaf individuals. The knowledge and skills developed by the social workers prepare the deaf for career opportunities in addition to empowering them to know their rights (Berke