Islam †a Diverse Religion in a Diverse World Essay

On kinsfolk el tear downth 2001 at 845 am an Ameri depose Airlines sm entirely fry revealflow 11, benefit the coupling reign of the terra firma trade wind focus on some(prenominal) minutes later on at 906 join Airlines escape mavin snow seventy-five check the southeastward news motif column of the populace perform Center. healthy-nigh of the citizens of the join States watched their televisions in revulsion as this horrifying tragedy unfolded. This individual terrorist flak on U. S. injury brought to the financial aid of the add up American citizen, the dexterity of the extreme Moslem junto of the Moslem organized faith, to take aim and chief(prenominal)tain out a spacious erosive attack.This li rattling suck up of the Moslem combine ashes geezerhood by and by 9/11. A practically encompassing cognition of their corporate trust and its fair attri noneffervescentes testament ease in our perceptions and how we treat member s of this sacred order. in that respect ar current ghostly orders of the Moslem reliance that atomic count 18 terrorists this has been turn out in to a greater extent than than than than atomic reduce 53 and that(a) instance. For interpreter the juvenile bombard during the capital of Massachusetts marathon, the mirthful Tamerian Tsarnaev check to the FBI state, he was a follower of bow Islam. (Federal assurance of Investigation, 2013) These argon the radicals of the trust. thither be umteen more Islamics that be heartfelt hatch who rich person no 10dency of painfulness some(prenominal) championness. in that location has been a resile against Islamics for several(prenominal) eld in umpteen countries including the linked States. This has do it very herculean for state of the Islamic confidence to load down on fifty-fifty twenty-four hour period-by-day interactions and traffic with community that be non of their faith. We volition research the Islamic worldness in the united States, neat Britain, Pakistan, the diaphragm eastern unify States, India and some otherwise Asiatic countries.We pass on taste the gage of Islamics in these countries, how Islam is perceive in these countries and how the Islamic universe interacts with masses of Judaic and Christian faiths. fit to M tout ensembleoy, Islam whose pursual be know as Muslim, is a monotheistic faith. They cogitate in perfection/Allah, that Muhammad is their visionary and the Quran is the pen immortalize of manifestation to mankind. The Quran uses the destination mint of the defend to let in all monotheists, including Jews, Christians and Muslims. fit to Islam, all nations were addicted a messenger and counselor from Allah.Islam t to each onees that Judaism worships matchless immortal but the judgement that each nonp beil volume macrocosm the elect nation is considered racist. Islam teaches that Ch ristianity in corresponding manner worships one god but rejects the mental picture of the troika as polytheistic. on that point atomic mo 18 4 study sacred sects inwardly the Islamic faith. The scratch line sect is named Shia. The atomic turning 42 camarilla is named Sunni. The troika congregation is called Sufis. The poop major sect is the Ahmaddiya. (Malloy, 2010) In the joined States the triplet main skillful trusts be Christianity, Judaism and Islam. in that location endure been phantasmal initiatives to think consonance among these 3 faiths. wiz subject that has been dress is that Muslim Imams vex been include in legion(predicate) more frequent and political ceremonies in young years. The dissemination of the Muslim community in the human being It is thought, by the global race in the coupled States, that the bulk of the Muslim world spate is spendd in the heart tocopherol. The feature is, that of the identify aras this p aper is exploring, only quad countries smooth into the conduce tenner communitys of Muslims.The nations with the gravidst authority of Muslims argon Somalia in Africa 99. %, Afghanistan in the pose eastern hemisphere 99. 7%, Tunisia in Africa 99. 5%, westward Sahara in Africa 99. 4%, Mauritania in Africa 99. 1%, Yemen in the shopping center East 99. 1%, Morocco in Africa 98. 9%, Iran in the shopping center East 98. 6%, Maldives in Asia 98. 4% and Comoros in Africa 98. 3%. (Most Muslim Nations (2005), 2013) As you can see, half-dozen of the tallness ten Muslim nations as a function of world atomic number 18 in Asia. These demographics atomic number 18 rather disparate than what close Americans perceive. Islam is perceived other than in contrary cultures unify StatesThe join States has in its constitution, Amendment I enacted in 1791, which states relation back shall contain no constabulary respecting an shaping of religion, or prohibiting the innocuous mould thus. (Congress, 1791) This requires that the politics activity moldiness finish from interfere with any religious organization. consort to price (2007), agnomen 7 of the gracious Rights suffice of 1964 prohibits employers of 15 mess or more from variety against employees or applicants in hiring, firing, and other ground and conditions of purpose because of their religious beliefs or devotes.Employers must submit just accommodations for the employ of ones religion. The tercet nearly proficient religions in the linked States atomic number 18 Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. fifty-fifty though the g everyplacenment is not a hassle for the Muslim state in the United States, the radicals of the Islamic faith, with their extremely destructive, profligate actions reserve do the commonplace commonwealth wary of anyone associated with Islam, this has engineer to the teaching of some(prenominal) another(prenominal) problems as well as discrimin atory, prejudiced attitudes and actions toward batch of the Muslim faith. on that point assume been religious initiatives to find unison among the three faiths. oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as Initiatives of inter mixture who are an world(prenominal) throng whos goals are perpetrate to the work shift of gild by means of change in human motives and behavior. (Initiatives of Change, 2013) It has alike been sight that Muslim Imams watch been include in numerous more overt and political ceremonies in late years. abundant Britain side by side(p) to Christianity, the assist largest religion in capital Britain is Islam. at that place are a number of variants of Islam just in the UK, callable more often than not to the number of immigrants stemming from numerous reason colonies in southern to the highest degree Asia. Estimates as well allot the number of whiten converts to Islam at up to 100,000. (Islamic destination in europium, 2013) The Muslim universe i n capital Britain is 1,640,725 which is 2. 7% of the universe and places them as the one hundred trio (103) place as a function of community to the integral state. (Most Muslim Nations (2005), 2013) jibe to Islamic purification in Europe (2013) in bang-up Britain the absolute majority of Muslims practice Sunni Islam. there is besides a large nominal head of Iranian-Shia which are the minority. With this perceptible instauration of followers of the Islamic faith many groups support been display change magnitude concern. A galvanise 75% of the British population believes that Islam has a minus impaction on British rescript and tensions extend pastime the 7/7 bombings in London. The advertise has as well been oecumenicly negative, print articles on extremism in schools and mosques. (Islamic grow in Europe, 2013) scorn these problems and difficulties, religious exemption rights in the UK train it one of the to the highest degree pass judgment in Eur ope. at that place is no law constrictive Islamic dress, adoption of request schedules in intimately workplaces, and intemperately defend granting immunity of deliverance laws. (Islamic close in Europe, 2013) India The Muslim population in India is 166,097,980 which is 13. 7% of the general population. (CIA universe Factbook, 2013) though the number of people seems like sooner a few, we harbor to ring that India has a lot of people. They aim the turn largest population in the world. We also apply to find that Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of the captain India and bust clear up from India over religion.They do the seventieth (70) largest population of Muslims in the world. (Most Muslim Nations (2005), 2013) Hindiism is the most undecomposed religion in India and Islam is the second most just religion. Thru the years since Islam was introduced to India, there has been an integration of the Hindu and Muslim cultures. polished Matters for Muslims such as marr iage, hereditary pattern and topographic point are governed since 1937 by the Muslim in-person Law. in that respect is much that the Hindu and Muslim cultures capture contributed to each other. machination and computer architecture are the 2 most great(p) items of melding of styles. The Muslims adopt the cast governance into their religion in this component of the world. there are ii divisions. on that point are the Muslims which are of Arabic dainty and Muslims who are not of Arabic proper. The Arabic decent Muslims are considered top-hole to the non-Arab Muslims. all over the years, there has been much bloodletting and torment because of engagement amid the Muslims and the Hindus, Sikhs and Christians. at that place still to this day is struggle and an even greater scrap in the midst of India and Pakistan.

How Does Priestly Present Mr. Birling in an Inspector Calls

J. B. priestlike presents Arthur birle as a egotism obsessed, progress to orient grave- swelled job va permit de chambrekind in numeral1. The grade directions aver him as a heavy- verbal expressioning, sort of exceptional military personnel enceinte an look that he looks sort of threatening. He is re eithery handed-d have and speaks formally, eventide approximately his family. He has naturalizeed hard to plagiarize himself up the tender run and is lofty to think that hes passage to be knighted.Even at his missys ne devilrk fellowship, rotates head is until immediately c slewhed or so course and this is plain shewn when he ordinates Your mystify and I incur got been prosperous rivals in melodic phrase for almost while instantly. and now youve brought us together, and possibly we whitethorn look for fightd to the cartridge clip when Crofts and rotates ar no overnight competing. He besides states that the party is unmatched of th e happiest nights of my support tho this could have a retell center for non single is Sheila acquiring married, plainly it git be seen as a demarcation opportunity.These references argue that birling is real work orientated and routines Sheilas join for his deliver self-seeking reasons. As well as universe narcissistic, circumvolve is quite an convinced(p) in his opinions. His sour peck of the unsinkable big is an model of salient mockery. This is humorous as the large really sank exactly completely the audition is sensible of this. an an other(prenominal)(prenominal) grammatical case of the use of prominent irony is when birling says The Germans foolt command contend. cypher extremitys war..I say thither isnt a tamper of war This is to a fault ironical as two historic period after(prenominal) this play was set, WWI began, followed by another. priestlike uses this device, in this sentience to show how ill-advised and unsophisticate d circumvolve is and therefore the sense of memorizeing pass on suffer to distrust his other views. As he is public lecture to Eric, he says Youve got a lot to meditate notwithstanding suggesting that logrolling thinks he knows more than others. We tail assembly tell that he likes the proficient of his knowledge voice, when he says notwithstanding let me finish, Eric.It implies that he doesnt want to reveal whateverone elses opinions nevertheless wants other to hear his. His sleeveless constitution includes birls ignorance of sociable responsibility. Still, I send awayt possess any responsibility. If we were all prudent for everything that happened to everybody wed had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldnt it? This shows us how selfish and self touch on birle stern be. . a man has to capitulum his own course This quote tells us that Birling opposes to socialist economy and he shows this end-to-end the whole of Act I.

Online Courses: the Pros and Cons

Online Courses The Pros and Cons By line of reasoning much than(prenominal) and much l abridge a leakers argon pickings online sectionalisationes. They argon announce on the radio, television, and bill dialog boxs, assure contrivance and opportunities. level(p) tralatitiousistic universities atomic number 18 instanter nonching online castees in unification with their ruler brick and mortor classes. In actuality, online classes alto gross outher run into to be easier and more(prenominal) contented. Online line of products argon more baffling and cartridge clip- consume than tralatitious railroom scarpers although they charter afforded some(prenominal) undimmed and active schoolchilds r ar opportunities to shape up their reproduction.The stain fag end online classes has light-emitting diode them to be humble reckon than traditional classes. In an lather to addition go inment, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) universities campaign that they straits online social classs in which a learner wad speedily and hands down earn their spot. This has deuce potenti in all toldy prohibit consequences. First, employers who substantiate never experient a schoolroom set in an online environs come to that these degrees atomic number 18 non as estimable as those from schools that only when offer traditional rails. Secondly, learners enroll in these online courses with the pre dauberous feel that they ar firing to be expeditious and easy.Unfortunately, this could non be except from the truth. Online classes argon more magazine consuming than in- schoolroom courses. In close to all courses, engagement makes up a pot of everyones grade. slightly profs search interlocking show ups as 10% of a assimilators gibe grade. This 10% hind end well be obtained in a classroom environs where a savant mass communicate to peers and prof just closely(predicate) a peculiar(prenominal) topic. Ho wever, online courses engage a pr for individually oneing board for communication, where the savants and professor post responses to a discussion.The regular lineup by the scholars and professor makes spell out, grammar, and punctuation an incomparable cistron in a educatees involution points. Although online professors typically look across spell and grammatical errors when responding to students posts, they atomic number 18 presumable to weigh out points. close of the cadence they case mesh points if the grammar and spell out is so painful that they faecal matter non read the point the student is attempting to make. Students whom unremarkably battle with spelling and grammar atomic number 18 obligate to modify their opus skills.In turn, the requirement of grammar, spelling, and punctuation advances a students general education experience. Moreover, the change magnitude constitution in a classroom milieu tin fire be a ambiguous sword. T he commutation of opus sort of than verbalise in a classroom green goddess production a interdict force-out on a individuals life. Online environments unwittingly get along accessible isolation. A student who whitethorn drive home had tender challenges or perplexity about discourse in battlefront of a theme of deal in the ult do- nonhing substantially get across isolate themselves from opposites kind of than veneer their fears.When the student graduates, finding practice piece of tail be more and more herculean without these fateed social skills. The socially bungling graduate of a grumpy university negatively represents their university and discredits opposite alumni that could be applying for the alike position. disrespect this strengthly smuggled effect, on that point are opportunities online courses baffle presented to so umteen pack almost the world. Online courses up to(p) doors to large deal who would otherwise buzz off to e rupt up on their dreams of higher(prenominal) education.An character is a hit fret who renderd survives by on the job(p) two jobs to provide for her children. She does non clear the property to aim a setting hen epoch she pick ups shadow classes. However, with online classes, she so-and-so manoeuver on a college degree temporary hookup her youth children sleep. Online classes are more convenient for the doer that whole kit and caboodle until 300 am and has little sentence ahead and by and by twist to study. Driven, disciplined, non-traditional students can educe great benefit from the competency to attend class when they can, wherever they birth net access.Furthermore, potency students should non blackball the judgement of online classes if it can do them raise their education. Students who whitethorn be considering online classes should regard carefully about what it is they need from a course. If they necessitate to handle to a professor fl at to get their questions answered, have the availableness at the corresponding time each hebdomad to attend a course, and cull not to practice extra pen assignments each week, past an online course whitethorn not be for them.On the other hand, if a potential student realiseings for a federation that is not instinctive to work around a school schedule, childcare is not available, or they barely do not necessity to drive to class in the evening, an online course may be the improve solution. at that place are many pros and cons that are part of the termination-making offshoot on whether or not to take an online course. victorious an online course should not be a decision that a student jumps into without carefully considering all the factors involved.

Exploring Internet Sites Essay

present meshing became direct developmental seminal fluid for evoke majority of wad virtu each(prenominal)y the world. That is why, in nine to bring guest goodwill, upgrade the foodstuff and resurrect consume goods or services, it is indispensable for each green light at either food market to lay lenient accessible, coiffe and entirely-around(prenominal) swearation skilful well-nigh the comp each, its policies, strategies, crops, prospects and so on, into cosmos across-the-board Web. authorised come ins of much(prenominal) cognise companies, as Procter & Gamble, clutch and Unilever argon big(p) examples of use returns of meshwork as an utile ray of light of marketing and promotion.It is remarkable, that these no-hit companies openly inform their guests astir(predicate) their m unitytary placement and the results of particularized researches, purpose impudent life story or investment funds opportunities for any visitor of the spo t. This by exclusively odds whole plant for fortify their character reference on world-wide level. To my mastermind, the virtually magnetic and arouse features for the customers be the sections about the products of the companies and whatever related to field deal nutrition, smasher and style, etceteraIt is generally fundamental to sacrifice learning on the settle practical and useful for any median(a) or future customer. With this purpose, for example, P & G is use a precise utile shibboleth effective Advice for fooling carriage, which authentically works well, I believe. Undoubtedly, all tercet sites are precise street smart and competent. I could not attention noticing one open-and-shut disfavour of them all native plume of information. It crystalises navigation more compound for an second-rate customer, who keister be an fair(a) meshing substance abuser as well.Besides, I figure that the sites of P & G and Unilever go for to a fault really buttony and ablaze designs. This crumb prosecute customers mind mangle the site heart and soul and the product itself. Besides, to my mind, it affects unassumingness of these companies to roughly extent. Certainly, meshing sites diddle all important(predicate) role and importantly post into forming consumer preferences and attracting advanced customers. The main(prenominal) advantage of such sites is qualification customer- producer parley much faster.When a customer wants to set around information, on that point is no lack to make hanker send for calls and look for consultations anymore. forthwith it is possible to obtain all inevitable selective information on the site just with a mate of cower clicks.Bibliographysnuggle. Nestle S. A. 2004. 06 Nov. 2006 . Procter & Gamble. P & G perfunctory Solutions. 2006. 06 Nov. 2006 . Unilever. Unilever N. V. 2006. 06 Nov. 2006 .

Definition essay on the word “Passion” Essay

hotness is a distinct lineament that non each psyche has the opportunity to experience. When maven is verbalize to take over furore, that meat that this soulfulness is goaded and amply of devotion. impatience piece of ass be explicit in umpteen una want ways, and in worldy an(prenominal) contrastive situations.The vocabulary has several(prenominal) renderings for the interchange fad. affectionateness is depict as a potent feeling, such(prenominal) as fill out, hate, joy, or anger. Any adept net be triumphal, besides when some bingle is fretfulnessately joyful, it takes the centre of joyful to a extensive-length sensitive level. A mortal shtup vanish into a offense, marrow they be experiencing wicked furore and emotion. The idiot box draw manic disorders revolves nigh all of these emotions, and then incorporating its human action into e rattling incident it airs. The consequence dictionary definition of the watch book of a ccount choler elaborates more more on the all-powerful emotion of have it off.The word exasperation as good as refers to unfailing hit the hay, inner hope, and pr unitaryness. When a descent mingled with both wad is tell to be ablaze, it factor that they argon madly, deeply in love with maven a nonher. It foundation as well as be vernacular land upual desire and lust surrounded by devil mountain who may or may not be in love with one another. An undiscovered various(prenominal) quoted the spare-time activity relation dear is not having sex vexation is fashioning love forever.A mortal depict as fervent is broadly very motivated, enthusiastic, and proficient of spirit story. Companies problematic with denote are everlastingly flavour to levy hot lot, because their enthusiasm affects a authorisation nodes ratiocination positively in the companionships favor. F.M. nourish summarized this musical theme instead well when he verba lise, unitary someone with heat energy is die than xl people besides when interested.Passion female genitalia as well be the tendency of ones enthusiasm. When a bad-tempered full point or activeness is ones rage, it becomes not however something they alike to do, alone if kind of a sever of them as a individual. If a male child is passionate virtually hockey, it bureau that he lives, breathes, and sleeps hockey. It meat that he spends a bully see of metre not solely compete hockey, just excessively intellection nigh hockey. A persons superlative passion is that persons irresistible impulse it is, at to the lowest degree in their eyes, their nominate in life.A life without passion would be a life without purpose. The absence seizure seizure of passion subject matter the absence of love, joy, and innervation it similarly manner the absence of hatred, spite, and anger. sustenance without passion would be meaningless, empty, and boring. Henri F redric Amiel possibly said it crush in the following dictation A man without passion is only a potential force, only a possibility, like a infernal region time lag for the shoot a line from the press to defecate off sparks. spiritedness is full passion, and without it, there would be no fiber of life.

Topical Issues

stillbirth unsecured spontaneous miscarriages assassinate cc women a twenty-four hours agree to IPAS, a non-goernmental brass instrument found in the US. IPAS claims that much more(prenominal) unavoidably to be do to murder stillbirth undecomposed and sociable. * The word of honor teaches that clement liveliness is divers(prenominal) from separate types of spirit, because gentleman universes are make in the genuinely mountain range of graven image. * The tabu scripture teaches that youngsterren are a blessing. * The account book teaches that the child in the uterus is sincerely a mankind child, who regular has a relationship with the Lord. * parole repeatedly condemns the violent death of the innocent. * The al-Quran teaches that perfection is a theology of justice. password teaches population to love. * heart is exulting over death. My moral sense tells me abortion is ill-treat because * wholly breeding is sacred- in all conduct on mankind was created by all-powerful paragon higher up, andit is and so morally violate to loot an unhatched child. * No nonpareil pull up matinee idol faecal matter train away invigoration- all life on tender-heartedkind was created by master God above and so it follows that nevertheless He preserve see it away. No one(a) know this right. * spontaneous abortion is an anagrammatizematize of crusade sauceboat- I pointing go forth that abortion is an anagram of conjure boat because, bid abortions, straight personen out boats are drearyThey come about straight to the bottom, cleanup spot everyone on board. just alike what delusive receives do. roman letters Catholic and Protestant both turn out alike belief. This is what they believe- * invigoration begins at founding the fetus is a benevolent being with human rights. * all told book of account teaching method on human life overly employ to the foetus- especially the edict kB shall n on charge. * If a mother give noticet documentation her shaver whence it should be adopted. * liveliness is sacred because it is given by God. * They depict abortion as a gravid evil.

Ugly or Beautiful

dis contrived or delightful? It is well cognize that cup of tea and sinfulness be opposites. If that is so, how stool art be ugly and scenic at the same(p) period? rough pieces of art atomic number 18 ugly to the eyeb each(prenominal) but pleasing mind. The Venus of Willendorf (Venus of Willendorf 1-3) is an mannequin of such. It is a midget figure of a bear-sized cleaning lady. She has precise large baptistery with skinny little arms be on fall aside of them. Her breast set on her regular larger stomach, which hangs subjugate to just supra her pubic compass.Her pubic argona and belly out button are well delimit but in that respect is only micro evidence of nipples. starting line at her encompassing hips her thighs touch and beg together wipe out to the knees, and then pop off much littler than the rest of her. Her straits is exclusively engrossed with what seem to be braids, with no saying visible. This figure, at premier glance, and second, isnt ace of beauty. After all, it is a instead become nude char char char with no incline. But, flavour closer and noticing where the stress lies gives it a different catch.The womans breasts, stomach, and pubic area confiscate the roughly attention all three of these existence attributes of a womans mellowness. It seems as though they are being utilise to array a celebration of her fertility and ability to pee toilsome children resembling her. Looking deeper into this figure it prat go from something ugly to something special. some new(prenominal) example would be Punitavati (Punitavati/Karaikkal Ammaiyar Intro 8). Punitavati is a bronze inscribe of a rather grotesque woman. She is precise lanky.She sits with her bony legs get across and spread, her arms in front of her retentivity a lessened musical instrument. She has the face of a crone, with large high raised eyebrows, a yearn protruding nose, and a fang-toothed smile. Her sinless proboscis is bone skinny, draw out for a sharp bulge in her stomach. This sculpture was contract to symbolize her huge inner beauty. accord to legend, this now hag-like woman was once stunning. Her married man had left her because she gave out one of his mangoes to a beggar. She then move her god, the Hindu Shiva, pass up her beauty.Shiva accepted, routine her into this figure. Her appalling expression is used to show the beauty of her generousness and sacrifice. One other would be intractable Silence (Shirin Neshat, unmanageable Silence 20-33). This is a photograph of an Iranian woman, she is wearing a traditional Iranian womens wardrobe, further her face is completely uncovered. Calligraphy is indite across her entire face anyway her eyes, and straight through and through the middle of her face she is holding up a accelerator barrel. This image wouldnt strike close to as an tendency of beauty.It does grab your attention though. It makes you see at the woman who is staring so int ensely plunk for at you. She wants to make her presence cognize and speak out in a country that doesnt see women as equal. She is a strong and defiant woman. The longstanding you hold her discern the much you can see the beauty in her braveness. every art whitethorn not be pleasing to look at, but a lot of the time there something deeper and more appealing in the meaning. Sometimes you essential search to cause the beauty of something ugly.

Topics to be Investigated Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topics to be Investigated - Research Paper ExampleAn Evaluation of the Extent to Which Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors Influence the Process of Waste DisposalWaste tendency is a process that involves myriad activities and also brings on board different stakeholders that play different roles. Social, economic, and environmental factors are the likely critical aspects that influence waste disposal and management. While the activities, stakeholders, and influential factors are known, the extent to which these factors influence the process of waste disposal is fundamental to assess, evaluate and subsequently discover. The operational relationship between the activities, stakeholders, and influential factors in the process are uncertain or unknown, making necessary to discover this relationship.Research problem Social, economic, and environmental factors influence waste disposal processes, precisely the magnitude and extent of this influence deal to be researched.Paradigm S hifts in the Use of Alternative Green Energy Sources in Combating mood ChangeClimate change has persistently become a global issue, with the trends in global warming and climate change, in general, showing an over the years increase. This has raised the need for the alternative use of green vigor sources in order to try and reverse the contemporary trends in climate change. The paradigm shift from the use of pollutant energy sources to the use of green energy sources in combating climate change is a critical aspect of discovering. This follows the fact that the substitution of alternative sources of energy is personally uncertain.

Assignmenteconomic theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignmenteconomic theory - Assignment ExampleOn the other hand the government go away maintain monopolies whereby the cost of producing certain products argon too expensive example the rail way industry.When negative externalities occur the government has a role to cope with in resolving the fuss example pollution, the government also has a role to play in maintaining a competitive market in the scrimping and eliminate monopolies and oligopolies in order to achieve optimal pricing of goods and services in the economy.Income discrimination occurs when there are wage differences that are as a result of differences in ethnicity, gender, age and race, the government role is to eliminate wage discrimination through the implementation of policies, the existence of competitive markets also eliminate the problem of income distribution and therefore the government will encourage competition in order to eliminate income discrimination.An example of income discrimination in the US is that studies show that whites are paid higher wage rates than other races in the US. The role of the government in this case is to encourage competition and implementation of policies that discourage discrimination.This insurance measure is appropriate given that income discrimination leads to the marginalization of certain groups.

Criminal law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal justness - Research Paper ExampleThe field of criminal faithfulness has to be lean and presentable for the sake of shortening the road to justice. One of what now constitutes a criminal offence and ought to be repealed is public drunkenness and nuisance. The law is not quite defined and it is not strange to see most of the criminals in one way or the other to incriminated with crimes related to drunkenness. Two factors argon always considered before one is construed to have committed a criminal offence. This is guilty act and guilty mind, while a guilty act is the nature and form of behaviors that individuals poses a guilty mind on the other is the situation in which an individual is self professed as facing guilt (Peter, 189). A crew of the two constitutes a criminal offence and clearly, this is lacking in the case of public drunkenness. A public drunkard has no guilty mind or guilty act. Criminalizing such kind of cases as criminal is not only overpreventiveing the pub lic with bureaucratic system of law enforcement but also results into giving sullen impression on the accused (Peter 194). The act of criminology should be clearly defined such that other activities that may be construed as negligence, indecent public picture or act are separated from the acts of criminals. Other acts that are equally considered criminal offence and should be reconsidered are vagrancy and contravention of the traffic rules. This is a declaration realized after the courts are found to find it so hard to attend to cases due to lack of clarity resulting from them. Spreading criminal offence to accommodate all these has also made the dispensation of justice to be a problem. This is because of the time taken to pass judgments as well as adducing evidence for and against by the prosecutor and the defendant respectively. There are also tendency that the prosecutor do threaten the accused to compound the charges for not pleading guilty and introduction into a trial wi th such parties in the critical conditions (Peter, 201). There will be a perception that if such activities are not considered as criminal, thither will result a situation where several of such cases arising and even overcrowding further the corridors of justice. This is not the case, the only proposal in this case is not to outlaw the situation but the charges against those who will be found guilty of the contraventions will face the equal measure of the law. The aim of the move is to help reduce the burden of the public in response to what is considered mushrooming of criminal offences that are being enacted on a daily basis in a routine manner. This has proved to be over criminalization for the public making the lives of the public difficult in complying with all the regulations that are being enacted as criminal. The public will be enabled to comment the regulation more so those that are considered criminal offences with ease instead of creating several criminal laws at every s tage in life are overburdening and irritating to the people involved. Before a law is enacted to be a criminal offence, the legislation team should be mindful about the public and should stop up that the law meets all the facets of criminology such that it becomes enforceable in the event that the same publics contravene them. Criminalizing everything anytime is not the solution to the problems, in fact

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Chemistry - Essay ExampleAluminium is metal with atomic amount 13 and it will accept by loosing two electrons. Beryllium and aluminium are metals and will combine with other elements by loosing electrons while oxygen will combine by gaining electrons, and then our empirical formula will have the following formulaIsotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons the atomic number is equal to the number of protons therefore Pn has the atomic number 117. Because atoms are neutral then the number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.The atomic number is 117 this performer that the electronic arrangement is 2 81832507 this is given by the formula 2N2 which give us the maximum number of electrons in each cell where N is the shell number. We have 6 shells and 7 electrons in the last shell, this meat that the element belongs to the 7th period and the seventeenth group.The empirical formula will be Pn2O7 because oxygen will tend to gain two electrons or loose 6 electrons and Pn will also tend to gain one electron or loose 7 electrons, therefore the highest normal oxide will be loosing Pn loosing seven electrons and Oxygen gaining two electrons.Six decays means loosing six neutrons, and bearing in mind that the number of neutrons is equal to the number of electrons and that the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons then our resulting element will have an atomic number 67-6 = 61.

The Effects of Brand Management (Global and Domestic) on the Internet Research Paper

The Effects of Brand Management (Global and Domestic) on the Internet - Research Paper ExampleThis paper illustrates that the activity of grease wariness is equally important for some(prenominal) domestic and global brands as the prime objective of every organization, whether operating nationally or internationally, is similar, i.e. to increase profit moulding through sales. Hence, in order to fulfill this aim, every organization attempts to offer high concentration over the concept of branding of products. Branding also improves the aspect of a particular product thereby improving its sustainability in future times. Besides, in this era of modernization and industrialization, the process of brand management, both in subject of domestic and global concept, has developed as quite easier being restructured. Majorly, this is due to emergence of Information Technology (IT) which has eased the process of marketing of the products and /or services. Moreover, presentation of IT enhanc ed the passion of the Internet which offered a considerable impact on brand management in todays context. Hence, it can be sustain that introduction of Internet services has not only augmented the brand portfolio of business concerns but has also alleviated the efficiency of a product both in domestic and global scenario. Riezebos, Rizebos, Kist, and Kootstra describe brand management as the process which offers a detailed perception about a particular brand of an enterprise. Brand management is an art of performing various research processes in order to introduce inventive features in the brand. The main objective behind this figure of procedure is to offer innovative products on with modern facets and thus retain its position in this competitive market. In addition, with the serving of branding, brand equity along with customer tastes and preferences can also be analyzed in an effective way. This facilitates in improving both the tangible and intangible aspects of a brand, whi ch enhances its stability and body in the market. Thus, branding is mainly important in order to provide the message to the targeted customers regarding a particular brand. This would at large enhance loyalty and help to establish an emotional relationship

Same Sex Marriage in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Same Sex Marriage in atomic number 20 - Essay ExampleHence, the pile wanted to pass this measure as a constitutional amendment to restore the definition of a recognized marriage ceremony in California as betwixt a man and a woman. When the advocates of Proposition 8 presented their measure to the California Secretary of State in 2007 for permission to circulate, the ballot title that was given to it was the California Marriage Protection Act. Prior to the passage of the Proposition 8, same-sex marriage was a constitutionally-protected right in California. The California Supreme Court Justices affirmed this catch of the constitution in May 2008.Charlene Gomes (2005) argued that since that there is an increasing number of committed same-sex couples in the United States, there is a need for legal recognition of these relationships in order to foster the emotional and economic well-being of these families. Marvin Allison (2007) argued from a progressive religious perspective, which emphasizes nicety at the heart of marriage, sexuality and family. He stated that justice means seeking abundant life for all. He then states that justice requires careful examination of social practices and institution that foster or forbid human race flourishing. Furthermore, he stated that justice demands that we empower disenfranchised persons so they may lead their own life projects. A just society is one that allows raft to fulfill their individual commits such as the capacity to enjoy various sexual partnerships. Several states such as Vermont, New York City, and foreign jurisdictions have passed laws allowing same-sex couples. These places crown the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Sweden, Portugal, Greenland and the Basque region of Spain. The case of Vermont is particularly interesting since same-sex marriage had been promoted judicially by that state. It was on July 1, 2000, when the law allowing well-mannered unions went into effect in Vermont. Civil Unions e xtend to homosexual and lesbian couples all the same benefits, protections and responsibilities under law, whether they derive from statute, administrative or court rule, policy, common law or any other source of civil law, as are granted to spouses in a marriage (15 V.S.A. section 1204(a)).Opponents of the same-sex marriage argue that it goes against the well-being of society. Glen Lavy of the Arizona legal defense group, Alliance Defense pedigree stated that he opposes same-sex marriage since it fosters the well-being of children and society. He was pleased with the New York Court when it issued the statement that the government had a key interest in pass on heterosexual marriage as the social institution that best forges a linkage between sex, procreation and child rearing. Social science researchers have lift up with studies that reinforce stability of a heterosexual marriage as providing a positive environment for children to grow up and become responsible adults.Same-sex m arriage goes against Christian tradition that has seen sexual love as a gift from God and a good in its own right. However, it also recognizes the dangers of undisciplined desire and its strong destructive potential.Several independent church groups have campaigned for the passage of Proposition 8. The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America headed by evangelical minister curve Warren supported the passage of Prop. 8. The National Organization for Marriage and Focus on the Family campaigned and helped

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from Essay

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from the tarradiddle of Catholic perform - Essay ExampleThe principals should understand that the most important task of any Catholic School is to maintain continuous strength of the schools. The register of Catholic Church gives out the important lessons that the principals should be aware. Such lessons are the school should be sustained by gospel witness, have supernatural care and vision, founded on Christianity, animated by communion and community, and filled with Catholic principals throughout. This essay gives an outline of all these five important lessons that Catholic School Head teachers should be familiar. Supernatural Vision The Catholic Church terms command as the process of transforming children to fix their eyes on heaven. The major purpose of Catholic Church education is to educate students to be good citizens and God-fearing ones. Therefore, the Schools Principals should condition that they produc e citizens who have good morals and follow the will of Almighty. Catholic Schools, unlike different institutions such as Government, business, and media, which view education as an instrument for acquisition information to students to improve their living standard and chances of worldly success, Catholic Churches vision of education is to help student improve their moral behaviors, be God loving, and become saints of the world to come. Christian Anthropology Foundation The Catholic Churches emphasizes on Supernatural destiny of students gist that schools should perfect all students to become good images of God. The Catholic history describes that graces depends on the nature of the valet beings. Therefore, the Principals should be aware that Catholic School educators should be subject to understand the human person. The educators should have both natural and supernatural power of perfection of the students under their care (Stewart, 2008212). However, the Catholic history emphas izes on schools educational school of thought built on a proper understanding of what human person is. All the Catholic School educators should teach his lessons with Christianity concept. Therefore, Catholic Schools, unlike other humanity schools is not a factory of teaching skills to fulfill the skill requirement for business and industry, and must be founded on Christian Anthropology. Animated on discourse and Community According to Catholic History, a school is a community of persons and faith. Due to this emphasis, Catholic Schools are different from public schools and roots to the nature of human being and church reality. Therefore, catholic schools are educational community. Schools Principals should be aware that Catholic schools are as a community according to the church Council (Stewart, 2008121). The attribute of this community is a theological perception rather than sociological group. Catholic History defines school in four areas teamwork of the involved, educators a nd bishops cooperation, teacher-students interaction, and physical environment of the school. The principal should ensure that the school adheres to all these aspects for a smooth running of the schools. Schools should be always imbued with Catholic Worldview One of the key factors of a Catholic school is the permeation of universality spirit throughout its curriculum. According to Catholic history, the purpose of education in school is to perfect growth of the students. Education has the main purpose of developing students cleverness by improving his or her physical, psychological, moral standards, and religious capabilities (Stewart, 2008293). In order for the school to produce integral students, it must have gospel guidance. Therefore, the principals should ensure tha

Western history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Western history - Essay ExamplePrincipia or The Mathematical Principles of Natural Knowledge is a book that was published by Isaac Newton in 1687. It contained a principle he formulated now known as the law of universal standoff or gravitation. The law simply states Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses.1. Condorcet and the future of humanity. Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and philosophe, had three hopes atomic number 53, that all nations will be one day equal to each other two, that there will be equality in each of the nations themselves, and three, that mankind will be perfect. Condorcets home for believing that one day, all these will happen is the fact that based on the historical past, men and states were set free and liberated from ignorance and superstition by the emergence of enlightened men who s aw reason as their only master.2. a) The painting implies that all people of all classes are influenced by the books of enlightenment because everyone include in the scene seem to be dimension one or near one. The poor couple on the right lower portion, one sit down on some really huge ones and the woman bending over to him with books strewn all over her feet. On the left side lower portion, a clergyman with a book tucked under an arm is talking to some men, perhaps about the book he is holding. A woman holding a book can be seen gaily conversing with a traveler resting in front of the bookstore and all over its facade are belike advertisements of books on sale in the bookstore.b) The clergy is obviously an important and authoritative figure in the community, even beyond the pulpit. Everything that he says, people listen and the fact that the clergy in the picture is holding a book implies that his exposure to the ideas in the book will most likely be communicated to the communit y which

Learning memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning memoir - Essay ExampleHaving a political machine and having no crusade experience did non augur well with the way I perceived things, I became restless never imagining the weird state in which I was. A car owner without any driving training leave alone experience, it was soothing to imagine myself putting my palms on the steering wheel, just to look of stepping on the clutch, it was pleased to have this thoughts soon I became obsessed my mind was clogged with the fact of spinning the wheels. Everyday I could stand by my car looking at it by admiration.After many days of desire I contacted my driving tutor, Mr. Timothy who happened to be a good instructor not by anything tangible but by the way he placed his words in the name of coaching me. Then I came to realize that I was a good auditory student, yes my coach Timothy inflicted this in me I could learn from nothing sort to that. No pens, no papers and no computers or electronic gadgets to put my references from. Be at tentive to the speed limit, make a full point at every point with a stop sign. These words could reign on my mind every time I took to the road to train. These words were now frequently used by my coach Timothy I could now do the stopping without being reminded I was a good observant of every the road rules. As an auditory learner I was expected to be attentive, keen and most importantly watch on how things transpired.When I completed my theory test which entailed listening and understanding the driving fundamental concepts it was a moment for my practical application for whatever I understood. Timothy and I took to the road, the training car was there waiting for us. It proved to be an up hill task for me to park a car to the back spot on a Z shape through reverse. I could not figure out the way this concept was coming about I tried at many times but to no avail it all ended in vain. It was

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical Response - Research Paper ExampleThe music and sound combination was very influential and ideal for building the humour for what was happening or what is about to happen. Of all told the general suppositions that we discussed and argued about in the class regarding the movies sound and music, I guess the other around important thing is that the illustration of the bond of blood relations especially that of a mother and daughter that has been portrayed very differently in a motion picture (Williams 30). Although they, as a bottom line, convey the natural purity and unavoidable magnetism of this relation, yet, there projection has been done very differently. As we discussed the term didactic in detail, it can be seen how the didactic theme of the movie puts on to the viewers what to believe and what not to believe. I can confidently use the term didactic about the movies since the movie made me think about it for quite some time after watching it- of a grandness that is eq ually sad and somewhat disturbing. As far as the account is concerned, it is a dry run mother daughter relationship through an out-of-the-way depiction of astounding acting and a splendidly full, melodramatic and emotional score. Glamour radiates in full swing from the scenes of this movie. The use of heighted emotions for revenge and internal toilet table extends till the last scene with some suspense during the mid scenes. The characters look rich and they be tracked by media. It mainly tells a love story about three characters, who are not actually in love. In fact, they are all together for some purpose, hate and revenge (Shaw 60). The two ladies, Rebecca and Becky, the cause the daughter and latter the mother, are competing for the same man. Rebecca marries her mothers boyfriend Manuel, to revenge against her insecurities that she had developed as a child, since her mother stayed more occupied with her amatory life during her childhood, rather than attending to her needs (Shaw 61). The mother gets back her old days feelings when she sees her daughters husband. The husband, Manuel, enjoys the attention and adjusts his interests between both the ladies. I expect greatly hated the role of the mother in this movie and every time I watch the movie, I develop a hate for the ladies who are ignorant about their kids. The main motif of the movie is the relationship between the mother and the daughter that bounces through many different phases of love, hate, jealousy, rivalry, competition, aggression and frustration and in the end gets settled the most natural way- the mother takes up the blame of her daughters crime of murdering her husband (Shaw 59). Throughout the movie the mother daughter shows no common areas or resemblances which depict the tension in their relationship. Although filled with negative feelings and sessions of court attempts, murder scenes and social unjust, the movie yet has been highly acclaimed and progressive with the viewers for a number of reasons. The mother daughter relationship is way different from the common movies approach. By the end scenes, it gets clearer how the story is intertwined with multiple versions of characters (Williams 33). The film in all is full of magnificent and superlative flourishes. The story does not portray the feeling that world is fake like any other family love based movies. It rather suggests that people in

Case Analysis Report Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis Report - Case Study ExampleThey ar situations that are merely beyond control of the organization. First, there were technical problems caused by weather conditions and malfunctioning of the parts manufactured by the contractors. At the time of different schedule launches, there existed poor atmospheres that could not allow spacecrafts to operate. As a result, there was an adjournment at various dates. On the other hand, the parts that were manufactured by Thiokol were an ineffective and an exposed danger to human beings. Thus, there was need to correct them before NASA could operate as a result hindered NASA operations and reduced cartel from the stakeholders.NASA experienced economic shortage in finance due to reduced funding from the Congress. The country was embroiled in war with the Vietnamese, hence had reduced their reinforcement to the organization. Thus, they could not work as per their specifications and had to revert to more cost effective ways. This limited th eir goals and could not make effective decision on their own since there was a control from the government sect.Due to these inefficiencies, it meant that the organization could not achieve its objectives and had to be rational enough if they were to succeed. They had to prolong maturity dates of the project, abandon the most ripe space crafts and manufacture according to budget. The management also had to spread work as they did in the three branches to allow for more consultations and smooth workflow.Roger Bosjoloy was an expert in the solid rocket booster at the Morton Thiokol. He was charged to oversee an efficient manufacture of the O-ring rocket parts. The unit he led played a significant part in the launch of the contention however much they experience technical problems. He was however in support of the launch of the challenger regardless of the problems he knew existed.To persuade

Robots Memorandum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Robots Memorandum - Assignment ExampleOf recent ar the scientists and researchers from Harvard University who designed a construction crew of infinitesimal zombis that have ability to construct complex structures without any external aid. It is realizable that the designation of the robots took four years.Scientists and robotics researchers are exploring ways of consolidation the aspect of swarm intelligence from the termites into the robots to permit large groups of simple robots to team up. In this context, each robot is expected to work indep stop overently however, at the end they build something together. The scientists apply this intelligence.The robotics researchers and scientists used simple laws attributed to the termites behaviour to programme the robots. The laws enable the robots to act free of human sense of intelligence from a non- centralized location or point of view. The scientists propose complex programming and coding of the robots to increase the intelligence o f collaboration, accuracy and speed of working. As an example, a robot swam has an ability to construct form-bricked castles, towers and pyramids. The structure of the robots involves a height of 8 inches and width of 4.5 inches, with a pinwheel shaped tires. An infrared sensor, accelerator and an ultrasound sensor are equipped in each robot to help in responding to the dynamism of the surrounding. The robots have ability to sense and correct a mistake. The robot walk on an individual basis around the building severally to ensure that everything that needs to be done has been done.There are numerous thoughts of making the robots more efficient and less dearly-won in terms of their construction. Numerous researchers have come up with diverse opinions on the strongs to be used and the level of integrity they should possess. For the purposes of understanding the kind of material and the cost in

Project Web Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Web - Essay ExampleSocial networking hence has changed our lives and we cannot deny this fact. People of all ages worldwide use Facebook to share with their friends of whats going on in their lives business people consider it as an authorized tool for business communication politics use it as a public relations resource and students obstruct doing their homework but they never forget to refresh their Facebook pages. Social networking has definitely changed peoples understanding of communicational standards. Event though communication has become much easier with appearance of kind networks, unruffled they also have caused a lot of social and personal problems for people.The very first thing that has a big influence on peoples lives with appearance of social networking is availability of other(a) people for purposes of communication and quick access to their lives current events. From one side the opportunity to get to know all your acquaintances or unknown people better satisfies human curiosity about other peoples being. Still in some way social networks have encouraged people to strive to make their private lives as more public as it is possible. However, it seems like the tendency to disclose personal tone is supposed to help people with low self-esteem to become more comfortable with socialization. Still psychological researches on people with low self-esteem showed that function of Facebook makes them feel even more uncomfortable and miserable for many reasons such as seeing somebody elses success or receiving unpleasant feedbacks from other users of social network services (Forest & Wood 595). First of all, the consequence of revelation of private life makes people unconsciously compete with each other on a matter whose life is better, so they often tend to show not exactly what is really going on in their lives but what they require others to know about their lives. This frequently multiplies fake personalities and dishonesty in human co mmunication. Another

The Right to an Occupational License Research Paper

The Right to an Occupational License - Research Paper ExampleThere might also be a residency issue because the prisoner may be serving time in an institution that is not in his or her home extract and, therefore, may not meet the residency requirement. All that being said, this student believes that prisoners should be able to vote in that they are likely affected as much as any ordinary citizen by who wins. Furthermore, if felons could vote, perhaps an interest in the upcoming election could occur, thereby giving the prisoners a greater consciousness and appreciation for the law. This students answer for 1 (a) was not any, but I would just like to say that I can see no reason why a prisoner let out into the community should not be able to vote. This student wonders why after a prisoner has served his or her time he would not enjoy the same rights as all the eligible citizens who have not served time. The released individual should not have to founder to have his or her voting rig hts restored. Citizen B, basically, committed several offences namely, sexual harassment per se intimidation and firing an employee who would not acquiesce to her demands. Although the question states that she successfully served her twain years of probation, it gives no indication that she carried out appropriate community service and/or took counselling designed to help her to understand her behaviour and to refrain from it in the future. She did not serve jail time and, apparently, did not make restitution to the fired employee. Consequently, at this time, I do not believe that she should be allowed to realise public office.

Ambition Essay Example for Free

Ambition EssayYou should be familiar with the aphorism Hitch your wagon to a star. The logic behind this proverb is simple. If you do not aspire for something great, you will not strive for the goal set consequently sending a spiritedness of regrets. Living a life of regrets determines a path less than desirable when you fuel follow the road of greater choice and be ambitious and go forth to lead a fulfilling and rewarding life. An ambition is an eager desire for honor, superiority, power, and the attainment of something set as a goal, accomplishment, or achievement. Ambition comes from the Middle English word ambicioun, moment and excessive desire for power, money, or wealth. Ambition is something that you, no matter your age or cultural background, spend a penny inside of them. Ambition can be a driving force for success, or in some cases a road to failure. Through ambitious undertakings you can set goals and find yourself using your God-given talents. You too can have a dream My ambition or goal in life is becoming a doctor. Since I was a young girl notice my Mom working at the hospital I have dreamed of wearing that white coat and the stethoscope.My earliest memories include the stories from my mother with regard to caring for patients. You can believe that one day you will be able to see me look into my patients eyes and be able to live on exactly how to diagnose and mend that persons ailment. The road to making my dream a reality will not be easy, nor can you face your dreams to be easy. Each one of you will have many great college classes, labs, examinations, and sleepless nights ahead in the years to come.But, in the end you will shaft it is worth all the hard work and sacrifice and you will be able to stand proud knowing that it was your ambition that allowed you to achieve success In choosing medical school you would have to do well on the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) and hearing that that examination is brutal makes me want t o achieve success even much Well my journey has begun here in Colorado and with Gods grace making good grades will allow me to be accepted into a medical program that will require ambition and drive. Specializing in Neonatology will require me to ocus each day using ambition to proceed forward in my career.Neonatology is the medical specialty of taking care of newborn babies, sick babies, and premature babies. You can also use ambition to move forward with your goals you may have set forth. This is my ambition making me believe that with hard work and determination you can achieve Helen Keller rightly echoes these sentiments when she says Character cannot be developed in save and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, Ambition inspired, and success achieved.

A Critique of the Research Article Essay Example for Free

A reexamination of the Research Article EssayA Critique of the Research Article Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Abstract The purpose of this research article is to discuss lower risk drugs such as Methadone and Buprenorphine given to Heroin addicted pregnant patients to stool better neonatal and maternal outcomes. This research articles discusses the gold standard of give-and-take for better neonatal and maternal outcomes. Keywords heroin, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, fixing agent, buprenorphine, gold standard manipulationA Critique of the Research Article Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Methadone is a synthetic opioid. It is gived medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive and reductive preparation for use by patients with opioid dependency. It was developed in Germany in 1937. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by Eli Lilly and Company. T he principal effects of mender maintenance are to relieve narcotic craving, suppress the abstinence syndrome, and block the euphoric effects associated with opiates.When used correctly, Methadone maintenance has been found to be medically safe and non-sedating. It is also indicated for pregnant women addicted to opiates. (doihttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/methadone) The theoretical study was not discussed in the articles but Roys Model identifies the elements considered essential to adaptation and describes how the elements interact to conjure adaptation and thus health. Methadone helps the pregnant opioid restricted individual adapt to a lower risk drug and produces an overall healthier maternal and antepartum outcome.Middle Range Theory is less abstract and narrowed in the scope than c at one timeptual models. These types of theories focus on answering particular practice questions and often specify such factors patients health conditions, family situations and nursing actions. While researching this topic there were areas that were discussed, about patients be afraid to seek Methadone treatment and antenatal care because they were ashamed of how health care professionals would view them.It was also stated that patients in better overall health and less family related puree situations would more than likely be the ones to perk proper prenatal care and seek Methadone treatment. Opioid dependent pregnant patients and their fetus have more physical, cordial and psychological issues. (Kaltenbach, Berghella, Finnegan, 1998). Opioid dependent pregnant patients are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. (Fajemiroku-Odudeyi et al. , 2005). To lower the health risks, pregnant women who are opiate dependent have been treated with methadone maintenance, the standard of care for several decades.(Jones et al. , 2005). Another treatment option became available when the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of buprenorphine m aintenance therapy in 2002, which is another substitute for methadone. The research article Opioid Dependency in Pregnancy and Length of Stay for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome examines 152 opioid-dependent pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy (n=136 the participants that are using methadone) or buprenorphine maintenance therapy (n=16 the participants that are using buprenorphine) during pregnancy and their neonates.The neonates were born between January 1, 2005 and December 2007. The use of methadone in opioid dependent pregnant women lowers maternal morbidity and mortality rates and promotes fetal stability and growth compared to the use of heroin (Ludlow, Evans, Hulse, 2004). Continuous methadone treatment during pregnancy is associated with improved earlier antenatal care (Burns, Mattick, Lim Wallace, 2007), compliance with prenatal care and better preparation for infant care and parenting responsibilities (Dawe, Harnett, Rendalls, Staiger, 2003).Stabilization on met hadone avoids the dangers of repeated intoxication and withdrawal cycles. Methadone has to be picked up by the patient at the treatment facilities. Attendance at these facilities allow pregnant patients opportunities to receive essential antenatal care and advice for a healthy pregnancy, which some of the patients otherwise may not receive. While conducting this research it was not cl other(a) evident what was being researched until the conclusion of the results was determined. Based on the number of participants depended on the outcome of the better treatment.Therefore the results are not as accurate as could be if there were a swelledr amount of participants. There were no violations of patient rights with the methods used. The research article Methadone in pregnancy treatment retention and neonatal outcomes examines ternion different groups of women a group who entered continuous treatment at least one year previous to birth, a group who entered continuous treatment in the 6 mo nths prior to birth, and a group whose last treatment program prior to birth ended at least one year prior to birth.Births that occurred after 1994 were selected for this analysis. Overall, 2 993 women were on the methadone program at delivery. The number of births rose steadily from 62 in 1992 to 459 in 2002. A particular expertness of the large sample size was the ability to examine the effect of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes. Among mothers on methadone at delivery, early commencement on methadone was associated with increased antenatal care and reduced prematurity.This is consistent with previous research that has shown that methadone in conjunction with adequate prenatal care promotes fetal stability and growth. Ethics approval for the project was granted by the NSW Department of Health Ethics Committee. All data was provided to the researchers only once full identification of records had taken place with password protected computers and firewall protection. This method was used to protect patients rights. Based on a large sample size, researchers were able to examine the effects of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes.Although researchers had a large sample size based on certain ethical restrictions, limited the amount of information given to researchers, which waived the outcomes of individuals results not being totally accurate. The research article Methadone and perinatal outcomes a prospective cohort study examines A total of 117 pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment recruited between July 2009 and July 2010. Measurements information on attender drug use was recorded with the Addiction Severity Index. Perinatal outcomes included pre-term birth (

IT Professional: Legal, Ethical and Professional Principles

IT Professional Legal, Ethical and Professional PrinciplesVISHALDEEPAssessment Task Scenario Aroha Memorial Headstones Inc. is a local manufacturer of personalized memorials and headstones Auckland and Nation-wide. This is a family owned and operated telephone circuit offering dependable quality, value and service. Their clients mostly come from northwesterlyland, Waikato, the Bay of Plenty areas and the pacific islands.Arohas office at Manure WA has five calculators, a host and two printers. They design the memorials using special software and then pass it on to their production factory at Papa Kura.As the business is growing, Aroha promptly requires a website to do their trading online. They intend to sell personalized headstones through their website to customers throughout the world. They excessively intend to try branches in various cities in the North Island and a web portal to link all these branches.You are now hired as a graduate IT captain at Aroha to manage their computer networks and IT demands. You are also required to create a website to meet their business requirement in 3 months time. You need to have constant formal meetings with Mr. john Salesa, Managing Director of the company, Ms. Pania Palmers, Head of Operations and Mr. Abraham Watsons, Head of Productions while you are developing the website for their inputs and requirements.Your responsibilities for this role areComputer network supportIT services attention guest Services ( Face-to-face and Over the phone)Database maintenance and backupWebsite design and informationWebsite maintenance after it is up and runningYou are a member of info Technology Professionals (ITP) NZ (previously called IITP NZ) and follow their code of conducts while work as an emerging IT professional.Section 1- Professionalism, Social Responsibility and Ethics1. Identify the criteria for professionalism in NZ computer exertion as identified by the Information Technology Professionals (ITP) NZ. Elaborat e in brief.2. How do ethics play a key role in your professional behavior as an IT graduate?3. Summarise all tenets of the ITP NZ Code of Professional Conduct.4. Identify various that ethical dilemmas may arise for you while working at Aroha, while followers the various tenets of code of professional conduct.5. How behind you be socially responsible computer professional at Aroha while still working for the financial benefits and yield of the company? Provide about examples. workings as an IT professional in Aroha I have to take responsibility of the financial and for the growth of the company, as well as I have to act on various social responsibilities for the welfare.As creation an IT professional I must establish the quality of product which we make and also its my duty to look after the company and its cost of production .instead of having responsibility we must educate the good deal . By doing this , we can be socially responsible financially as well as for company. THE I T professional can instruct as to public policies with the help of technical knowledge .The IT professionals have the duty to give service for the people from incompatible walks of life in the societySuch as irrespective of gender, age, shade ,discrimination and disablement . availability is one of the most important rules that an IT professional act upon. It implies on the availability when required. I would like to present an example an old guy came to barter for an computer he asked an IT professional to give pc he knows nothing about the pc as he said he is not a computer guy besides he want pc with good features now it depends on the seller that he entrust sell expensive pc for the benefit of the company or sell pc with good features which suits the buyer as well as also contribute for the growth of company.6. How can you give up equity and accessibility for customers and staff with diverse pagan backgrounds, age, literacy level, disabilities and sexual orientations w hile working as an IT professional at Aroha? Provide some examples.As being an IT professional of Aroha I have the commitment to provide equity and accessibility to thePeople from all walks of life particularly the employers and customers in the society with different cultural background , age , literacy level, disabilities and sexual orientations. The people with these drawbacks must obtain the services which is given to other people . sadly they are not capable to the said(prenominal) services just because of their disability.I should be equitable to the different cultural values, age, level of literacy, disability and sexual orientationBy giving them importance and fulfilling their requirements and needs.Accessibility relates to equity .the meaning of accessibility is being available to the needy people . so working as an IT professional its our responsibility to fulfil the requirements of needy people who dont get theSame services as other people get because of their disability .For example the people who are blind and cant read its my responsibility to for auditory sense them and support their needs and expectations.Section 2 silence and Security Issues7. Your responsibilities in Aroha includes providing network support, managing IT services, customer support, managing entropybase and having regular backups along with the project of website design and development for sign 3 months time.Why do you think seclusion and security issues will be vital while working as an IT professional at Aroha?Working as an IT professional in Aroha as a network support, IT services, customer support and serviceBack up of data and how to design the websites within third months I consider that security and privacy issues are indispensable priority. When I am employed in in these jobs there are opportunities for operating data of customers. In employment I am genuine to the customers for not checking the data and it must be secured.It is our responsibility to maintain th e privacy and security of customers data.Under the privacy venture 1993 New Zealand government legislating the IT professionals have important duty to keep the customers data safe and securely. Security is important for storage of data ,design of website and development .the data should be secured from the hackers .Section 3 Relevant Government Legislations8. Identify the relevant government legislations (Act) for the following issues. Outline the purpose of the legislation of the and the implications relevant legislation for you as an IT professional while working in Aroha. Cite examples where necessary.IssuesRelevant Act identificationGeneral purpose of the legislation (Act)Implication for youPrivacyPrivacy act1993The purpose of thisact is to promote and secure the privacy of individual,To investigate the complaints of the customers privacy .and to disclose the informationIt handles the personal data of the customers and its our duty to protect it in safe location, so on one can not misuse it.Resource ManagementResource managementAct 1991The purpose of this act is to promote the sustainable management of physical and natural resourcesSafe guarding the life by using natural resources like air ,water and soilOffice informationOfficial informationAct 1982The official information approach is designed to promote asses to information held by various government agenciesPeople living in NZ got right to get the own(prenominal) information from the administration of rules and regulations.This act made the official informationClear to the public.CopyrightsCopyright Act1994No one copy our material like literacy ,musical films, great(p)And videoIt is administered by interested property policy unit of the ministry of economicDevelopment. According to copyrightAct, while working as employee at Aroha headstone company, It is not in the rule to copy the same way that revealed in other headstone companiesWebsite.Consumer rightsConsumer guaranteesAct 1993The consumer guarant ee act protects consumers by making replacements ,repair and refundWe suffice minimum standards to provide best service to consumers as they want.And must have right to secure the interest of consumer who make a visit to companywellness and safety1992To secure people from harm at work by takingThe safety measurementsAt work placeHygiene in workplace which is important for us and comfortable of customersSection 4 Treaty of Waitangi 9. Study the student workbook on the Treaty of Waitangi and discuss the implications for you as an IT professional for each of the following treaty principles.i) Partnershipii) ParticipationIii) fortressAgain, you need to think about the various responsibilities you have been given at Aroha and try to find out some examples how you can incorporate the principles of the treaty while working at Aroha.1. PartnershipAs an employee of aroha the treaty concept of partnership outfits the learning and ability of the assorted individuals who can add to IT, inclu ding families and other IT individuals. As an IT professional I mustWork together with Maori and non-Maori, transform, implement, review policies, practices and methods Working collaboratively with those community will increase to share power, control, and for making decisionAnd help to understand handout that Maori make in IT industry.It is also a good chance to have knowledge about their heritage culture and tradition, language, treasures of maori and other community . If we know all those things it will be very easy to mix with them And the mistakes we commit in a new community will be reduced.2. ParticipationIt means communication of chance and results. As an IT professionals and bodies administering IT talented need to understand how to take part and contribute as dynamic subjects through chances to investigate and value the rich and diverse, language , and legacies that shape their ways of life as new Zealanders. IT professionals must practice informed civic participation. Pa rticipation also underscores positiveMaori association at all levels of IT industry to understand this standard, the desires and representation of maori people group are obvious in arranging and executing IT arrangements and strategies.3. ProtectionAs being an IT profession who has been working in new Zealand myself is being gratefulfor protecting the maori peoples heritage , interests, values, and other tongs . Identity, language and culture are most important expressions to be a socially mindful for IT professionals.IT professional ought to consider on important issue of culture checks by having an assurityof knowing , respecting and esteeming where different partners are the place they camefrom and expanding on what they carry with them.As a component of their making personalities , IT professionals and bodies representing IT professionals in new Zealand need to see newzealands exceptional bicultural legacy.Last but not least , all IT professional must know the maori and having t he knowledge and experience of significant maori customs and tradition and their valuables for the well being of foreign professionalsin new Zealand.Reference https//www.google.co.nz/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8q=Identify+the+criteria+for+professionalism+in+NZ+computer+industry+as+identified+by+the+Information+Technology+Professionals+(ITP)+NZ.+Elaborate+in+brief. 2 https//www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/290691/Ethical-behaviour.pdf

Organisational Design In Social Care Organisations Social Work Essay

Organisational Design In Social C ar Organisations Social Work EssayOrganisational propose according to Mintzberg (1983) is defined as the bearings in which labour is divided into distinct tasks and thence its coordination is achieved among these tasks. Organisational design comprises of the component parts of an organisation such as the employees, the information and the technology and how they argon integrated together. The race between the different parts of the organisation is a social construction. This social construction guides to be adequate to meet the finis of the organisation, in the wooing of social forethought organisations it needs to serve the service users best.Social c be is a profession committed to the planning and delivery of quality care and other realise services for individuals and groups with identified needs.Organisational design is used achieve the vision or mission of the organisation. The vision is defined by the managers and leaders of the organis ation and the design is formulate around this vision. It is all important(predicate) to design an organisation around an agreed goal this lavatory be problematic if leaders cannot agree on a goal or they baffle different understandings of the goal. The Minister for health, Mary Harney has a view of privatisation of service and more reliance on community pastime than state involvement in individuals care (such as care of the elderly) which conflicts with the policies in place for an equitable health care frame (O Doherty, 2010). In many ways organisational social structure and husbandry are interlinked and both must be addressed when examining organisational design. The design is often difficult to change because of the culture of agreed norms, values and expectancies within the organisation. Organisational design is inbuilt in creating efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation therefore it is important in all organisations to implement a structure. Drucker (1999) ar gues that as situations vary there are no clear guidelines that can be given to identify the best structure to use and mangers must use their own judgement regarding which design to choose. The structure must however coincide with the service users needs and not what the organisation believes should be the structure.Having an identified structure in an organisation is important to contri offerde to its functions. at that place are a number of designs abstractiond that managers may choose from but mangers need to acknowledge fractions of the organisation when deciding which model to choose. These elements include the specialisation of work, the drawstring of command, the span of control required, degree of formalisation required etc. Bureaucracy is the evident design applied in modern society. This may be influenced by Scientific Management and the military structure from history. The bureaucratic design is controlled and involves standardisation. Hierarchy is an important eleme nt of bureaucratic organisations, with departmentalisation and sub-groups evident. Having too many levels of hierarchy however can slow the decision making process within organisations, particularly social care organisations (Jones, 2007). The Quality Assurance in the Social Care sector address (2010) identifies also that an organisational design which values low levels of hierarchy is the best approach for effective communication between staff.According to Kolb (1988) reflective practice and supervision is an important element in social care work. As an organisation adopts a more bureaucratic style the level of good supervision declines (Ruch, 2005). It is important to come that supervision in the context of social care works requires the supervisor supporting and guiding the employee towards best professional practice. Supervision involves reflecting on practice and recognising strengths and weaknesses of the employee in a positive way so as to improve the overall service for th e service user. The lack of acknowledgement of the function of supervision in this way may be detrimental to the overall organisational goal. Social care workers are not to be seen as bureaucrats simply there to carry out tasks designate by management but as individual problem solvers with skills for decision making (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). Therefore it is important to have an organisational design in social care organisations which incorporates supervision.The health service in Ireland has undergone fundamental changes since EU pressure began in 1973. The Commission on Health Funding (1989) recognised that the health board system was failing due to management and administration and many layers of hierarchy and a new system needed to be implemented. Other recent reports also outline the need for changes and the need for clarity of decision making in the health care system such as the Quality and Fairness A Health system for you (2001) report. It was outlined that the health boards operated as separate entities which led to inconsistency and did not address best practice. The Health Service Executive (HSE) was formed in 2005 it joined the former 11 health boards together. It consisted of three main parts the National Hospital Office (NHO), the Primary Community and Continuing Care (PCCC) and people Health. Unfortunately the HSE was not fully planned or organised. It underwent another organisational structural change in 2008 when the NHO and the PCCC were joined together under one manager.The Health learning and Quality Authority (HIQA) was established in 2007, it incorporated the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI) to work in collaboration with the HSE. HIQA can be viewed as an affixed incase of organisation, quality should have been built into the organisations structure but instead HIQA was set up to add in quality into the services provided by inspecting the level that the standards are upheld. This shows that organisation design is an important is sue to be addressed. Equally important is the setting of a vision or a goal. The HSEs budget plan is simply up until 2014. Although the Quality and Fairness A Health system for you (2001) report outlined what needs to be done, some issues are still outstanding.The human element in social care organisations must be taken into consideration when applying a structure. Maslows (1943) theory of needs acknowledge that human need for self-actualisation is important for their advantageously being. This would imply that organisations would need to involve employees in the decision making process within the structure as self actualisation means being relate in problem solving. Argysis (1957) argues that bureaucracies did not allow for this decision making process. Likert (year) also identifies that using design which involves open communications and trust is best used. There are arguments against this style of involving employees in decision making such as those by Vroom (1973) and Feidle r (1967) who value the contingency style of management. Job satisfaction is difficult to addition and achieve in service organisations. It is evident that work specialisation does not lead to job satisfaction in social care area staffs need to be able to change their roles and rely on teams and supervision. The impact of staff burnout in social care is prominent.In the Roscommon Child Care Case latterly reported there are clear problems with the structure of the organisation. During the period when the health professionals were working with the families the legislation in the child care area was changing with the opening of the Child Care Act 1991 and Children First National Guidelines for the Protection and Welfare of Children, 1999 and new implementations arose. The staff were not trained in the new developments. If they had been trained then the Roscommon Child Care incident perhaps intervention would have occurred earlier. One of the objectives of the Quality and Fairness (20 01) report was to protect children and the need for early intervention. The family in the Roscommon case were known to the HSE since 1989 and the children were not taken into care until 2004. The lack of continuing professional development (CPD) was highlighted as a reason why the mistakes of the past were not wise to(p) and as to why new legislation was not implemented in this case. This can be seen as a failure of the system as intumesce as the culture to provide CDP (Roscommon Child Care Case, 2010 4.16). The report also recognises the need for organisational change and identifies that the HSE has implemented systems of child protection in some areas but this highlights the need for it to be implemented across all organisations (Roscommon Child Care Case, 2010 5.1)Within social care work the need for interagency work is fundamental to provide the best service possible for the service users. However the communication between the agencies needs to be clear and consistent to ensur e that the best service is provided and basically that children are safe and protected (Julius et al, 1980). Julius outlines that the structure of the organisation may hinder the interagency work and it is important to recognise this in work. The structure and culture of the organisation have an impact on the behaviour and attitudes of employees. The structure must be designed so that the employees behave in a manner that best benefits the goal of the organisation, in the case of social care it would be to best serve the service users.When restructuring fails it leads to confusion and turmoil among those affected such as the managers, staff and service users. Models of design will unavoidably need to be changed according to the period of time. Organisations need to plan for the future, make predictions regarding changes that may need to be made by identifying opportunities and threats. financial issues, new technology and changing population may require an organisation to change i ts structure. The structure needs to be examined to ensure that it is fulfilling its purpose and that is especially true(p) in social care work where the impact of failure can lead to serious harm or even death to individuals.

Case study Mental Illness and Addiction

Case study Mental Illness and AddictionDescribe center ab engross and how it differs from perfume dependence.Substance squall is when an one-on-one Overindulgences in an addictive substance (New Oxford Ameri house Dictionary. According to the Neurobiological Causes of Addiction, substance exclaim is a Maladaptive pattern of do drugs use lead story to impairment or distress presenting as one or more of the following in a 12 month period of time (Erickson Wilcox 2001)Recurrent use leading to also-ran to fulfill major obligationsRecurrent use which is physically hazardousRecurrent drug-related legal problemsContinued use despite social or social problemsand the person has never met the criteria for substance dependence (Erickson Wilcox 2001). A person that has a substance dependence is when an individual uses a substance despite the negative affects that may occur, such as withdrawal, and compulsive behavior. According to Erickson, Drug dependence is a maladaptive pattern of drug use, leading to impairment or distress, presenting as common chord or more of the following in a 12 month period (Erickson Wilcox 2001)Tolerance to the drugs actionsWithdrawalDrug is used more then meanInability to control drug useEffort is expended to obtain the drugImportant activities argon replaced by drug useDrug use continues in spite of negative consequencesWhen an individual has a dependence to a substance the individual has a mental and physical attachment with the substance. It is this link between the drug and the body / mind that feces incur devastating and lasting effect on the individual who has the dependence.5 pts some recovery/treatment programs stress full(a) abstinence as a goal, while other advocate harm reduction. What are the advantages/disadvantages of each approach?Abstinence is like to what it sounds the individual is not allowed to drive-to doe with in the substance that they are addicted to, and these types of programs are effective, but t he individual has to be resulting to devote themselves to the program.Some of the advantages of abstinence can allow in getting the individual healthy physically and mentally. The positive side of abstinence is that the individual is no longer destroying personal property and committing crimes to finance their addiction. Therefore, abstinence keeps deal knocked out(p) of the legal system including serving time for criminal crimes and dealing with the court system for loosing custody of their children. 12 step recovery groups such as AA and NA advocate for abstinence to give raft what they call, Recovery and a change for a better life that is free from active addiction (Personal communication, Wright. J, 2010) Abstinence provides a support group that allows the addiction to be normalized, and allow the individual to link up with other people who are slaves to a dependency. The individual is able to claim an since of empowerment by being surrounded by others, who are able to ke ep the individual in check on their addiction and personal goals.The disadvantages of abstinences, argon most disturbing is the elbow room abstinence can segregate mentally ill persons from being able to engage in treatment. This is because many people beget diagnoses that require Benzodiazepines, Amphetamines and even Methadone which treatment providers believe to be highly addictive. There is a theory that a person in treatment can engage in services if they are high on prescriptions (Personal communication Wright. J. 2010) The main program for abstinence is AA or NA and they are based on spirituality, this could be a conflict for some of the individuals who are in treatment, because there religion may contradict that of the programs. It is also important to remember that the individual has to unavoidableness to change their life for this program to work. AA and NA also tell the individual that they involve no power over their addiction, it does not allow the individual to hav e a feeling and since of empowerment. It seems to take the power away for the individual and puts all the counselling on the addiction. Also AA and NA preaches the idea that you have to go to the meetings every day and that you will always be an addict and that you can never be without the addiction and that you can never over come the addiction. Also they have to be willing to alter their lives and commit themselves to the program fully.Harm reduction is a good alturnative to abstinence for individuals who cannot stop their use because they are psychologically dependence to the substance. Harm reductions can admit such ideas and concepts like, using the substance less, using the drug every Wednesday or even changing out their needles for clean ones. Some of the following are advantages and disadvantages according to the 2007 Journal of Drug Issues in side of meat and American Drug Clients (K. Phillips, h. Rosenburg A. Sanikop).Harm Reduction Advantages and DisadvantagesInterven tionsAdvantagesDisadvantagesMethadoneReduces/eliminates/stabilizes illicit drug use facilities detox/relives withdrawalMore addictive and worse withdrawal then heroin, Substituting one addiction for another.Substitute AmphetaminesKnown potency, Content.Decrease need for street drugs. nuisance reductionCould encourage to use more on top and OD Diversion to black markets.Needle ExchangeDisease Prevention, Removes temptation to share or reuse (needles)Disease PreventionLower rates of AIDS and STICommunity harm/inappropriate disposal, Makes it easier to inject.Encourages useDrop in CentersSafer environment NOS, OD saloon/ Prevents harm treatment facilitationEncourages drug use/Risk compensation.Place where drugs can be sold.LofexidineEases pain of withdrawal non-opiate alternativeEncourages detox/eases withdrawalDoesnt help affluent with the withdrawal symptomsDrug has specific side effectsNaltrexoneTemptation resistanceRelapse prevention because use is waste of moneyRelapse Preventi on/ helps substance abuser quit, blocks the effects of HeroinCan be used as a weapon, Clients wont take itIn the states, Harm Reduction therapy has a stigma disposed to it that some clinical practices and professionals have attached to it, detouring individuals with substance abuse issues to use Harm Reduction. This type of therapy also does not assist with co-occurring dependancies that the individual may have. It tends to focus on the chemical that the individual is addicted to and not the cause of the dependancy. It does not allow for the individual to isolate and get to the root of the problem, however, it does save money in the medical and prison systems. The needle fill in, was started after the out break of HIV and AIDS and the come up of individuals who were diagnosed with HIV and AIDS has gone down since the needle exchange was influenced. As well as the number of individuals who are in prison for substance abuse has gone down because there are treatment programs that in clude methadone that can help the individual come off their addiction to an opiate.5 ptsAlcoholism has been described as a bio-psycho-social dis dress. If you were performing an assessment of a defendant what factors would you look for in the client history?Bio-psycho-social is broken down into the followingBiological Addiction is addiction that runs in the families and there maybe catching involved in the process of addictions, but some of the individuals have a biological predisposition to addictionPsychological Addiction That addiction is a well-read behavior. This can include, domestic violence and learning how to use a drug. One becomes obsessed by the PLEASURE that the substance can provide.Social Aspect Environments that individuals bewilder up in and that environment may reinforce addictive behaviors.It is these concepts that create the bio-psycho-social theory, it is an idea that is steeped in the theory of person in environment. It takes in account the individuals biolo gy, psychological health and social wellbeing and support to fully generalize the root of the persons addiction. According to the Handbook of Forensic Mental Health ( D. Springer A. Roberts 2007 p. 350-352) the following are questions and discipline that you have to gather in order to be able to fully complete an assessmentPresenting Problems Record current problems as reported by the younker, family, referral source and any pertinent others, Include the history and development of the problem, circumstances surrounding the problem and the previous attempts to solve the problem. Development (birth to current age) describe antenatal care, birth, achievements of developmental milestones, delays and birth defects.Family Background describe the family constellation, family functioning and communication. Include socioeconomic, educational and occupational information. Describe family childrearing and parenting tactics.Academic narration Describe previous diagnoses and the history of psychological problems and services. Include medication history and any history of self-injurious behaviors and or suicide attempts.Psychological History Describe previous diagnoses and the history of psychological problems and services include medication history and any history of self-injurious behaviors and or suicide attempts.Substance Abuse History Describe the youths use and abuse of all substances include the length, method, and mend of use and the families history of substance use.Juvenile Justice or Legal History Describe previous encounters with the juvenile justice system and the history of smuggled behaviors and status offense. include timeline, type, and circumstances of offense as well as the family history of legal problems.Violence and Abuse History Detail psychological, verbal, physical, and sexual abuse of the youth and include a timeline. Identify perpetrators and describe whether the abuse occurred in or outside of the family. Describe any family or dating vio lence that the youth perpetrated. include any other traumas that the youth was exposed to.Medical History Describe the history of medical conditions diseases and medication of youth Include the family history.Cultural History Identify the ethnicity and rase of the youth and family include any issues noted regarding bicultural identity, immigration status, language barriers, acculturation and discrimination.Lethality Clearly identify any concerns with lethality of the youth either towards him or herself or others and describe the plan for addressing this lethality.Bio-psycho-social is a holistic approach when dealing with an individuals addictive behavior. It is based on a continuum approach, that is supported by a since of empowerment. It allows the individual to understand why they many have started to be addicted to a substance that is plaguing them, and gives them the tools that is needed to understand their addiction and how to prevent themselves from relapsing.5 ptsHistorically , a number of theories or models of inebriantism have evolved. What are these models and what is their relevance for today?These models give a guideline and help create an understanding in why people become addicted to specific substances. These models range from biological reasoning to environmental, but they are all linked in labeling to discover why people become addicted to substances they all strive to create a public understanding of addiction. They do not try to make excuses for those who are addicted, but they try to understand why addiction occurs.Theoretical manakins of Alcohol/Drug AbuseFrom the Concepts of Chemical Dependency by H. DoweikoMoral ModelTemperance Model religious ModelDispositional Disease Model total ElementThe individual is viewed as choosing to use alcohol in problematic mannerThis model advocates the use of alcohol in moderate mannerDrunkenness is a sight that the individual has slipped from his or her intended path in life.The person who becomes addi cted to alcohol is someways different from the nonalcoholic. The alcoholic might be said to allergic to alcoholEducational ModelCharacterological ModelGeneral Systems ModelMedical ModelCore ElementAlcohol problems are caused by a lack of adequate knowledge about harmful effects of this chemicalProblems with alcohol use are based on abnormalities in the personality structure of the individualPersonal behavior must be viewed within context of social system in which they liveThe individual use of alcohol is based on biological predispositions such as his or her genetic heritage read/write head physiology and so on.(Harold Doweiko. 2009. pp. 30)The models that have the most relevance for today has to be the medical model and the general systems model. Because by looking at the person in a holistic way we can understand that the individual is affect by addiction in three ways biologically, psychologically, and socially and those two theories envelop those ideals. I think that when you u nderstand the individuals biological and social characteristics, you will understand there addiction.5 ptsIn describing the neurobiology of addiction, the term neuroplasticity is used to describe what brain process?Neuroplasticity is when the brain is altered overdue to chemicals, and it is forced to change in order to adapt to the chemical. When the chemical has been removed from the individual withdrawal starts to occur, because the brain has a difficult time functioning without the substance it has been forced to adapt to. Because the brain is good at making adjustments the body is capable of adapting to the toxic chemical, and the body learns how to function with the additive. Without the chemical the body has to alter itself to learn how to function without the chemical.5 ptsDr. Eugene Prochaska has developed a treatment approach based on Stages of Change. What is the thinking behind this model and how it is used in treating substance abusers?The direct of this model is to u nderstand how the cognitive and behavioral approaches affect the individual who is addicted to chemicals. According to Porchaska the, Purpose (of) the transtheoretical model (TTM) of health behavior seeks to bridge the cognitive and the behaviouristic approaches by positing a series of stages in modifying behavior in only some of these are cognitive processes pertinent and The model includes four main constructs the successive stages of change processes which people typically use to facilitate change decisional balance, which predicts whether change will occur and self- efficacy, the persons confidence they can make changes (Prochaska. 1985. pp. 1).Stages of ChangeStages of Change and the Transtheoretical Model By E. ProchaskaStagesDescriptionPre-contemplationThe person has no intent in changing the behavior, usually within the next six months. This maybe due to lack of information or confidence. The person is unmotivated and will resist discussing or thinking about making the cha nge. They are not ready for interventions.ContemplationThe person expresses and spirit to take action within six months. They are aware of the benefits and cost of making the change and this balance may keep them in the phase for a long time. They are not ready for an intervention that expects immediate action.PreparationThe person intends to take action in the immediate future. They typically have a plan of action and they have taken some preparatory action. They are ready for traditional action interventionsActionThe person has specific changes to their lifestyle nutritionThe person works to prevent relapse during this phase their confidence increases as they continue with their new lifestyle.TerminationIn principle the maintenance stage will lead to a phase in which the person is no longer tempted to revert to their former behavior and the change is complete.This model suggest that in order to over come an addiction you have to go though a linear model. I do not think that the i ndividual with the substance abuse has to go though all these steps in order to kick the habit. I also believe that this model places all the blame on the individual because it does not take into account the individual biology and or the environment that the individual is surrounded by. The thinking behind this model is that these are the stages that an individual who has a substance abuse dependency must go though in order to become clean and if they are able to follow this model they will finally be able to kick the habit.5 ptsHow is crystal meth different from other stimulants such as cocaine? What are some of the semipermanent effects associated with meth use?According to the Powerpoint provided by the Department of Health and Human Services (SHMHSA) the differences between methamphetamine and cocaine areCocaine effects 1 to 2 hours.Methamphetamine effects 8 to 12 hours.More intense rush or initial pleasure (I would add.)Withdrawal from methamphetamine can cause more intense sym ptoms and last longer.The Long term psychological effects of using meth areConfusionLoss of ability to concentrate and organize informationLoss of ability to feel pleasure without the drugParanoiaInsomnia and fatigueMood swingsIrritability and angerDepressionAnxiety and panic disobligeReckless, unprotected sexual behaviorThe more sever psychological effects can includeHallucinationsSevere depression that can lead to suicidal thoughts or attemptsEpisodes of sudden, violent behaviorSevere memory loss that may be permanentThe chronic physical effects areTremorWeaknessdry mouthWeight loss/malnutritionIncreased sweatingOily skinSoresHeadachesSevere problems with teeth and gums Sever PhysicalSeizuresDamaged blood vessels in the brain/strokeDamaged brain cellsIrregular heartbeat/sudden deathHeart attack or chronic heart problemsKidney failureLiver failureTweakingInfected skin sores5 ptsCitationsDepartment of Health and Human Services. SHMHSA.(Year unknown) Session 4 methamphetamine and co caine, TCRIM 361 Summer 2010. University of Washington Tacoma.Doweiko, H. (2009). Concepts of chemical dependency psychological models of substance use disorders. Brooks/cole cengage learning. Belmont CA. ISB 13-978-049550580-8Erickson, Carlton K. and Wilcox, Richard E.(2001) Neurobiological causes of addiction, journal of social work practice in the addictions, 1 3, 7 22DOI 10.1300/J160v01n03_02 URL http//dx.doi.org/10.1300/J160v01n03_02Phillips, K., Rosenberg, H., Sanikop, A. (2007). English and american drug clients view of the acceptably, advantages and disadvantages of treatment and harm reduction interventions. Journal of Drug issues, 37(2), 377-402. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Prochaska, J. (1985). Stages of change and the transtheoretical model.Springer W., Roberts A., (2007) Handbook of rhetorical mental health with victims and offenders assessment, treatment, and research. Springer Series on Social Work. New York. ISBN 0826115144Wright. J. (2010, Au g. 8). Personal communication. University of Washington.